Cahiers Ferdinand de Saussure 61-73 (2008-2020)

 

I - LE COURS DE LINGUISTIQUE GÉNÉRALE 1916-2016

Daniele Gambarara (Università della Calabria; daniele.gambarara@gmail.com)
PRÉSENTATION (pp. 5-7)

Estanislao Sofia (KU Leuven; estanislao.sofia@gmail.com)
QUELLE EST LA DATE EXACTE DE PUBLICATION DU CLG ? (pp. 9-16)
Abstract: This article relates the history of the negotiations maintained by Charles Bally and Albert Sechehaye with Payot Publishing House between December 1915 and May 1916, when the Cours de linguistique générale was published. Along the way, we answer to the question that serves as title of this article: what day, exactly, appeared this book ?
Key words: Charles Bally; Albert Sechehaye; Payot; Cours de linguistique générale : Publication.

Giuseppe D’Ottavi et Irina Fougeron (ITEM/CNRS; giuseppe.dottavi@ens.fr; i.fougeron@orange.fr)
UNE LETTRE DE SERGE KARCEVSKI DE 1916 (17-27)
Abstract: After a brief reminder of the life and critical fortunes of the Russian linguist Serge Karcevski (1884-1955), the article presents a recently discovered autograph document proving his will to translate into Russian the Cours de linguistique générale de Ferdinand de Saussure. While Karcevski’s plan, which finally did not succeed, was already known by indirect sources, the manuscript shows that his intentions were very soon manifested, less than a week after the release date of the book. This way, this contribution aims at shedding light on the very first steps of the reception of the Cours.
Key words: Serge Karcevski; Manuscript; Cours de linguistique générale:Translation in Russian; Cours de linguistique générale: Reception.

Estanislao Sofia et Pierre Swiggers (KU Leuven; estanislao.sofia@gmail.com; pierre.swiggers@kuleuven.be)
LE CLG A TRAVERS LE PRISME DE SES (PREMIÈRES) RÉCEPTIONS (pp. 29-36)
Abstract: This article summarizes the contents of a volume – in preparation – in which the authors have gathered (and, when applicable, translated into French) some 45 reviews of the Cours de linguistique générale published in various scientific journals between 1916 and 1930. As an additional dossier, the volume contains reviews of the critical edition of the CLG by Rudolf Engler (1967-1974) and of the Italian translation, with biographical and exegetical notes, by Tullio De Mauro (1967).
Key words: Cours de linguistique générale: Reception and Reviews; Rudolf Engler ; Tullio De Mauro.

Aya Ono (RMIT University; ono_bun@nifty.com)
« L’INFLUENCE DE SAUSSURE AU JAPON » (1978) PAR HIDEO KOBAYASHI (pp. 37-42)
Abstract: Hideo Kobayashi (1903-1978) played a major role in introducing Saussure’s theories to Japan. He published the very first translation of Cours de linguistique générale in 1928 and stood as an eminent expositor of Saussure’s theories until the late 1970’s. In this paper, we will attempt to situate Kobayashi’s introduction of Saussure in relation to the historical context of Japanese linguistics and also present a brief biography and an abbreviated bibliography. Following the presentation, we will translate into French and annotate Kobayashi’s essay, “Saussure’s influence in Japan” [日本におけるソシュールの影響] (1978).
Key words: Hideo Kobayashi; Saussure in Japan; Cours de linguistique générale:translation ; Japanese linguistics.

II - ARTICLES

Giuseppe D’Ottavi (ENS, CNRS/ITEM; giuseppe.dottavi@ens.fr)
MATÉRIAUX POUR L’ÉTUDE DE « DE L’EMPLOI DU GÉNITIF ABSOLU EN SANSCRIT »DE FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE (1881) (pp. 57-84)
Abstract: While the Mémoire sur le système primitif des voyelles dans les langues indoeuropéennes (1879 [1878]) secured a place for him among the major indo-europeanists of his century, the second and last book published by Ferdinand de Saussure during his lifetime received little attention, and its historical and theoretical contours are still blurry in the current critical literature. The following article aims at gathering data in order to build a framework for further study on the work of Saussure concerning the Sanskrit genitive absolute. The main tenants of the incomplete and unpublished section addressing the origins of this specific Sanskrit syntactic device are also presented.
Key words: Genitive absolute; Historical syntax; Origin of absolute constructions ; Sanskrit ; Saussure: De l’emploi du génitif absolu en sanscrit.

Claire-Antonella Forel (Université de Genève; claire.forel@unige.ch)
DE L’ÉCOLE (DE GENÈVE) À L’ÉCOLE : QUELLE CONTRIBUTION À L’ENSEIGNEMENT DES LANGUES ? (pp. 85-112)
Abstract: Linguistics has often been used in the context of foreign language teaching. This article aims at presenting how the various members of the so-called Geneva School of linguistics have contributed to the subject. Even though Saussure never really approached the subject, he is often called upon. His successors to the chair of General Linguistics all had something to say on the matter. The article also includes Godel in the discussion.
Key words: General linguistics, Foreign language Teaching, Saussure, Bally, Sechehaye, Frei, Godel, Palmer, Hornby, Common European Framework of Reference.

Giovanni Manetti (Università degli Studi di Siena; manettig@unisi.it)
SUBJECTIVITÉ, DISCOURS ET LES DEUX NOTIONS D’ÉNONCIATION CHEZ BENVENISTE (pp. 113-130)
Abstract: Through a diachronic reading of the writings of Benveniste contained both in the two volumes of the Problèmes de linguistique générale, and in the handwritten notes of the “Fonds Benveniste”, the paper proposes the hypothesis that in the writings of the French linguist, we can find, even though implicitly, a twofold conception of enunciation, and not a single one: (1) a “strong (or particularizing) conception” which identifies enunciation specifically with the “discourse”, the latter being connected to the structure of the dialogue and having a formal apparatus; (2) a “weak (or generalizing) conception”, according to which the enunciation is considered as a general mechanism of sense production in a semiotic system, which involves the whole language and being not connected to a specific series of linguistic forms.
Key words: E. Benveniste; discourse; enunciation; linguistic production; subjectivity.

Angela Senis (Université Paris VII ; angela@senis.org)
LA PHONESTHÉSIE DE JOHN RUPERT FIRTH: QUAND LE SON FAIT SENS (pp. 131-154)
Abstract: The problems posed by the concept of the phoneme were at the centre of international debates among linguists in the first half of the 20th century. John Rupert Firth, a key figure in the so-called London school of linguistics, resisted the concept, and aimed to relocate phonological analysis within his phonaesthetic theory, associating meaning with clusters of sounds or letters. This was in line with the practice of 19th and 20th century philologists, and was consistent with Firth’s polysystemic vision of language, grounded in context of situation: the phoneme as a cluster of sounds echoes the collocation at the lexical level, and the colligation at the grammatical level. Although Firth’s approach never received the scientific attention he hoped for, it did not remain completely ignored, and would resurface in later work in corpus studies.
Key words: J. R. Firth; History of linguistic thought; Meaning; Phoneme; Phonaestheme ; Sound.

Emiliano Sfara (Université Montpellier-3; emiliano.sfara@gmail.com)
APERÇUS SUR LA CONCEPTION DU LANGAGE CHEZ GEORGES CANGUILHEM (pp. 155-166)
Abstract: The published works by Georges Canguilhem, which are mostly focused on philosophy and history of science, contain some traces of a specific conception of language. Some of his unpublished manuscripts and notes are actually treating, with a certain level of detail, the subjects of: a) language as a foundation of thought, and b) Schematism in Kantian terms. This paper, by pointing out the analogies among the above mentioned subjects, some aspects of Lev Vygotsky’s developmental psychology, and a number of recent works on philosophy of language, aims to clarify and define the general elements of a philosophy of language contained in the published and unpublished writings by Georges Canguilhem.
Key words: Action; Alain (E.-A. Chartier); G. Canguilhem; I. Kant; language; Schematism; thought; L. Vygotsky.

III - RÉSUMÉS DE THÈSES

Giuseppe Cosenza (Université de la Calabre/Université de Genève; cs.giuseppe@gmail.com)
ENTRE TERMINOLOGIE ET LEXIQUE: LES CHEMINS DE LA PENSÉE DE F. DE SAUSSURE (pp. 169-187)
Abstract: The aim of this research is the analysis and the representation of Saussure’s terminology. I adopted three perspectives to investigate this subject. The first one is historical, in which I propose the analysis of Saussure’s terminology in different contexts: 1) Saussure’s terms occurring in scientific dictionaries of linguistics and semiotics; 2) different representations of Saussure’s terminology in different models as indexes and terminologies. This analysis shows many differences within what we generally call terminology in a broad sense, so that it becomes necessary to define and articulate the very notion of “Saussurean terminology”. The second point of view is theoretical and methodological. Above all, I argue that Saussurean terminology is not technically a terminology, because in Saussure’s documents (manuscripts and publications) there are many attempts to adopt some patterns of technical terms, but they never reached the status of a terminology. I collocated all attempts in mid level between word and term, because they are technical terms only in specific contexts of Saussure’s different reflection. I named these attempts terminologically semimanufactured. Whereas the representation of Saussurean terminology is different from normally representation of terminology. Third I create a model for representation itself. First, I distinguish between three different terminological areas: 1) the terms of XIX century linguistic; 2) the terms of other sciences; 3) the Saussure terminologically semi-manufactured. In the last area I make different sections for the different moments of Saussure’s reflection. This complex model allows me to display all terminological attempts made by Saussure and all terminological problems that he experienced in order to resolve a linguistic or semiotic problem.
Key words: technical term, terminology, linguistic, Saussurean terminology, models of terminology.

Sébastien Moret (Université de Tartu/Université de Lausanne; Sé bastien.Moret@unil.ch)
LES LINGUISTIQUES DE L’EUROPE NOUVELLE (pp. 189-203)
Abstract: This PhD Dissertation in the History of Ideas in Linguistics aims at discussing two questions: 1) What can explain, in two totally different contexts (Europe at the time at the Treaty of Versailles and the Early years of the Soviet Union) the emergence of such radically different ideas about what language is; 2) How is the further disappearance of all attempts to rationalize language in the Soviet Union to be explained. The first part of the dissertation looks at the positions taken by three linguists who worked as consultants for their respective governments: the French A. Meillet, the Serb A. Belič and the Bulgarian J. Ivanov. The second part looks at the evolution that led from wanting to change language to the celebration of nationalism in the USSR.
Key words: History of linguistic ideas, languages and nations, national languages, A. Meillet, A. Belič, J. Ivanov, J. Stalin.

Créola Thénault (Université Paris X Nanterre; creola.thenault@wanadoo.fr)
LA RENAISSANCE NÉOSAUSSURIENNE DU PARADIGME DIFFÉRENTIEL EN LINGUISTIQUE ET SON ILLUSTRATION NÉGATIVE PAR LA THÉORIE DU PRÉSENT DE L’INDICATIF EN FRANÇAIS (pp. 205-218)
Abstract: The discovery of the manuscript De l’essence double du langage [The double essence of language] (which appeared in the Ecrits de linguistique générale [Writings in General Linguistics] in 2002) gave rise to a renewed interest in Ferdinand de Saussure and, above all, allowed for a revaluation of his scientific project. As part of this movement, a new interpretation of his project has been developed by Simon Bouquet: this involves bringing together the fields of linguistics of both langue and parole within a Galilean epistemology that radicalises the principle of differentiality. The first section of this thesis is dedicated to a critical presentation of Bouquet’s model – known as the linguistique néosaussurienne de l’interprétation. The second section explores the largely understudied nature of the principle of differentiality in the science of language. The way in which grammar books treat the theory of the present indicative in French is examined as a case in point. The conclusion, in the form of an opening, outlines the possibility of a differential grammar which describes, from the perspective of language, the semantic system of the French present tense; as well as the laws of correlation postulated by a neosaussurean linguistics; to give an explanation of the double nature of language which is at once both langue and parole.
Key words: differentiality; neosaussurean linguistics; semantics; present indicative in French.

IV - DOCUMENTS

Francesca Murano (Università degli Studi di Firenze; francesca.murano@unifi.it)
LES INSCRIPTIONS DE PIERRE-PERTUIS ET DE GEX (CIL XIII 5166 et 11551) DANS LES MANUSCRITS DE SAUSSURE (BGE Ms. fr. 3954 env. 3 et 3956 env. 8) (pp. 221-243)
Abstract: The present paper analyses F. de Saussure’s manuscripts concerning interesting histori(ographi)cal and linguistics remarks on two Latin inscriptions from Geneva area, and places them in the context of Saussure’s scientific interest. The author moves from Saussure’s comment on Pierre-Pertuis text to discuss some linguistic aspects of the inscription, in particular its syntactic order, also in the framework of the formulary of Roman epigraphy.
Key words: Epigraphy; Geneva History; Latin inscriptions; Saussure’s manuscripts ; T. Mommsen.

Estanislao Sofia (KU Leuven; estanislao.sofia@gmail.com)
CENT ANS DE PHILOLOGIE SAUSSURIENNE II. COMPLÉMENT À LA CORRESPONDANCE ENTRE CHARLES BALLY ET ALBERT SECHEHAYE AU COURS DE L’ÉLABORATION DU COURS DE LINGUISTIQUE GENERALE (1913) (pp. 221-243)
Abstract: Some years ago, I published in these Cahiers (cf. Sofia 2013) a fragment of the correspondence maintained by Albert Sechehaye and Charles Bally between September and December 1913, when the two linguists were at the beginning of the editing work that led to the publication of the Cours de linguistique générale (Saussure 1916). This correspondence was fragmentary: it contained only four letters from Sechehaye to Bally, and Bally’s response to one of them. This article supplements the correspondence published in 2013, thanks to the discovery of two postcards from Ch. Bally to A. Sechehaye which remained unknown until today.
Key words: Charles Bally; Albert Sechehaye; Correspondance; Cours de Linguistique générale: editing work.

V - DÉDICACE DE L’AUDITORIUM F. DE SAUSSURE (Geneve, 21 janvier 2016)

Allocution de Nicolas Zufferey (pp. 255-257)

Allocution de Tullio De Mauro (pp. 259-260)

Allocution de Daniele Gambarara (pp. 261-263)

Allocution de Louis de Saussure (pp. 265-270)

VI - IN MEMORIAM

Jean Yves Tilliette (Université de Genève; jean-yves.tilliette@unige.ch)
MICHEL BURGER (1926-2016) (pp. 273-276)

Emanuele Fadda, Daniele Gambarara (Università della Calabria; daniele.gambarara@gmail.com, lelefadda@gmail.com)
UMBERTO ECO (1932-2016) (pp. 277-281)

Giuseppe D’Ottavi (ENS, CNRS/ITEM; giuseppe.dottavi@ens.fr)
ANNA MORPURGO DAVIES (1937-2014) (pp. 283-287)

VII - COMPTES RENDUS ET ANNONCES DE COLLOQUES

« Jacques Coursil, Valeurs pures. Le paradigme sémiotique de Ferdinand de Saussure, Limoges, Lambert-Lucas, 2015, 245 p. – ISBN 978-2-35935-113-2. »,par Jean Giot (pp. 291-296)

« Anamaria Curea, Entre expression et expressivité : l’école linguistique de Genève de 1900 à 1940 : Charles Bally, Albert Sechehaye, Henri Frei. Lyon, ENS Editions, coll. « Langages », 2015, 378 p., ISBN : 978-2-84788-689-4. », par Claire-Antonella Forel (pp. 297-301)

« Emanuele Fadda, Peirce, Roma, Carocci (« Pensatori » 33), 2013, 246 p. », par Sémir Badir (pp. 303-305)

« Groupe μ, Principia Semiotica. Aux sources du sens, Paris, Les Impressions Nouvelles, 2015, 588 p. », par Sémir Badir (pp. 307-314)

« Ferdinand de Saussure, Une vie en lettres 1866-1913. Diachronie dressee par Claudia Mejia Quijano, collection « psyche », editions nouvelles Cecile Defaut, Nantes, 2014, 688 pages, € 35,00. », par Giuseppe Cosenza (pp. 315-320)

« Christian Puech (dir.), « “Faire ecole” en linguistique au xxe siecle : l’école de Genève », = Histoire Epistémologie Langage, vol. xxxvii, no. 2, 2015, pp. 5-111. », par Anne-Gaëlle Toutain (pp. 321-327)

« Estanislao Sofia, La «Collation Sechehaye »du ‘cours de linguistique générale’ de Ferdinand de Saussure. Collection « Orbis Supplementa », t. 43. Leuven-Paris-Bristol : Editions Peeters. 2015, CIII+878 pages, in-4. ISBN : 978-90-429-3254-8. » Notice de l’éditeur (pp. 329-330)

« Anne-Gaelle Toutain, La rupture saussurienne. Lespace du langage, L’Harmattan-Academia, Louvain-La-Neuve, 2013. »,par Thomas Robert (pp. 331-332)

Anne-Gaelle Toutain, La problématique phonologique. Du structuralisme linguistique comme idéologie scientifique. Paris : Classiques Garnier. 2015. 609 pages. », par Estanislao Sofía (pp. 333-338)

Revenir à la liste des Cahiers

 

CAHIERS FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE 68 (2015)

Notice de l'Éditeur
Ce numéro sur JStor.org : https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/i24914568

 

I - ARTICLES

Jean-Paul Bronckart (Université de Genève; Jean-Paul.Bronckart@unige.ch)
LA SÉMIOLOGIE SAUSSURIENNE EN APPUI À LA PSYCHOLOGIE DU DÉVELOPPEMENT (pp.5-26)
Abstract: In the first part of this paper, we analyze the results obtained in developmental psychology (Piaget and Vygotsky and contemporary schools), underlying their difficulty to identify and conceptualize the effective factors of cognitive progress. Having showed that in all these works the verbal sign is considered as a semiotic instrument as the others, we request the analysis of Saussure showing that signs are radically psychic, arbitrary and social. We support then that with this conception, we can validate the Vygotskian hypothesis of the emergence of the thought, and renew the approach of the conditions of the later psychological development.
Key words: Cognition, Piaget, Psychological development, Semiotics, Sign

Viggo Bank Jensen (Université de Copenhague; sld421@hum.ku.dk)
ELI FISCHER-JØRGENSEN, EUGENIO COSERIU ET LOUIS HJELMSLEV : QUELQUES POINTS D’UNE CORRESPONDANCE (pp. 27-45)
Abstract: Based on a correspondence between Eugenio Coseriu (1911-2010) and Eli Fischer-Jørgensen (1911-2010), the article discusses the importance of Louis Hjelmslev (1899-1965) for the development of the theory of Coseriu. In a letter dated 1955, Fischer-Jørgensen agrees with Coseriu in his criticism of Hjelmslev’s neglect of substance in phonology, but she also makes some critical remarks on Coseriu’s account. Starting from Fischer- Jørgensen’s remarks, it will be shown that there is some ambiguity in Coseriu’s attitude towards Hjelmslev’s terms norm and usage. Moreover, it will be shown that there seems to be a slight change in Coseriu’s view on content substance. This way, the article aims to show that Fischer-Jorgensen played an important role as a critical mediator between Hjelmslev and Coseriu.
Key words: Hjelmslev, Coseriu, Fischer-Jørgensen, norm, usage, content substance.

Valery Kouznetsov (Université linguistique de Moscou; vgk.avamo@mail.ru)
LE DÉBUT DE L’ŒUVRE SCIENTIFIQUE DE LOUIS HJELMSLEV : L’INFLUENCE DE L’ÉCOLE DE GENÈVE ET DE l’ÉCOLE DE MOSCOU (pp. 47-59)
Abstract: The paper aims to reveal the impact of the Geneva School and Moscow School of Formal Grammar on the development by Louis Hjelmslev of the conception of the universal grammar in his first theoretical work Principes de grammaire generale, published in 1928. His conception was developed, on the one part, under the influence of F. de Saussure, A. Sechehaye, Ch. Bally and, on the other part, it came under the influence of the Moscow Fortunatov Formal School. Hjelmslev’s first work is of great scientific and historiographical interest with a view to establishing the genesis of his linguistic ideas and the continuity with his later scientific work related to the elaboration of the linguistics of universals, the task which remains important in these modern times.
Key words: Louis Hjelmslev, Geneva School, Moscow School of Formal Grammar, universal grammar, linguistics of universals.

François Rastier ( frastier@gmail.com)
SAUSSURE ET L’ÉMANCIPATION DE LA SÉMIOTIQUE (pp. 61-74)
Abstract: Philosophy of language and Linguistics belong to different fields of knowledge and pursue different aims. In spite of the fact that semiotics had almost always been part of philosophy of language, Saussure places linguistics within its realm making it thus change both its scope and its status. Semiotics becomes the science of cultural facts, if not an organon for all the sciences dealing with culture. This is how Saussurean semiotics, even if it remained pragmatic, broke away from philosophy in becoming a science. As a science, it can be subjected to philosophical questioning, as much as linguistics can. But then semiotics replaces the philosophy of signs with the philosophy of semiotics. This paper aims at making a first contribution to assessing what makes Saussurean semiotics different from a philosophy of signs. It also attempts at explaining why philosophers could only give a trivial account of Saussurean semiotics discussing it using precisely these traditional categories that it rejects.
Key words: Saussureanism, philosophy of language, pragmatics, cognitivism, linguistics.

Anne-Gaëlle Toutain (Université de Paris 3; annegaelletoutain@yahoo.fr)
DOUBLE ARTICULATION ET ARBITRAIRE DU SIGNE : MARTINET ET SAUSSURE (pp. 75-85)
Abstract: The title of this paper echoes the famous paper by Martinet, published in 1957 in the Cahiers Ferdinand de Saussure : “Arbitraire linguistique et double articulation”. The Martinettian notion of “double articulation” is notably conceived of as an elaboration of the Saussurean principle of the arbitrariness of the linguistic sign. On the contrary, we endeavour to show that the Saussurean principle and the notion of “double articulation” correspond to two radically different problematics. The Saussurean principle, which lays the foundation of the concept of value, breaks away from the problematics of the sound-meaning relation. Martinet, however, attempts to construct the arbitrariness of the sign in a structural way, and through this construction, in accordance with the traditional conception, the arbitrariness of the sign appears as a type of sound-meaning relation.
Key words: Epistemology, problematics, value, regularity of sound change, phonology.

II - SAUSSURE ET L’ANTIQUITÉ AUJOURD’HUI. LANGUES, TEXTES, CULTURES

Claire Forel, Élodie Paillard, Pierre-Yves Testenoire
SAUSSURE ET L’ANTIQUITÉ AUJOURD’HUI : UNE INTRODUCTION (pp. 89-93)

Maria Pia Marchese et Francesca Murano (Università degli Studi di Firenze; maria.marchese@unifi.it; francesca.murano@unifi.it)
FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE ET L’ÉPIGRAPHIE (pp. 95-111)
Abstract: The article deals with the F. de Saussure’s manuscripts on the epigraphy, for understanding the dimension of this discipline in his works. Starting from a general analysis of these texts, we can observe how Saussure approaches the inscriptions in different ways : depending on the various subjects, his interest is focused on the epigraphical, linguistic, didactic or historical aspects.
Key words: manuscripts, Greek Inscriptions, Latin Inscriptions, Runes, Phrygian Inscriptions.

Joshua T. Katz (Princeton University; jtkatz@princeton.edu)
SAUSSURE AT PLAY AND HIS STRUCTURALIST AND POST-STRUCTURALIST INTERPRETERS (pp. 113-132)
Abstract: Ferdinand de Saussure was interested in historical/comparative linguistics, synchronic linguistics, and anagrams, but there is no scholar today who studies all three. This paper, a version of which was delivered at a colloquium in Geneva titled “Saussure et l’Antiquité aujourd’hui”, describes in schematic, and unavoidably American, terms the fracturing of Saussure’s legacy over the course of the 20th century. Particular stress is placed on the sharp decline in the academic prominence of historical/comparative linguistics and the study of the classical languages, as well as on the fascinating cahiers d’anagrammes, which could conceivably act as a playful disciplinary bridge if only more people took them seriously.
Key words: Anagrams, Classics (Greek and Latin), Historical/comparative vs. Synchronic linguistics, Indo-European, Post-structuralism, Structuralism.

Philippe Brunet (Université de Rouen – ERIAC; philippepar@gmail.com)
ANAGRAMME ET ANAPHONIE DANS L’ATELIER HOMÉRIQUE (pp. 133-147)
Abstract: The search for anagrams and anaphony is no longer a strange curiosity left unpublished within a famous scholar work. Their use, as described by F. de Saussure and studied by P.-Y. Testenoire, testifies for their importance in homeric epic. Beside metre, formula and epic diction, the phonic games give a key for understanding Homeric composition. The sound in which Homer is an expert is to be reevaluated, explored in new vocal performances, and the anaphony has to be continued, reinvested in rhythmical translation experiment of french hexameter, as it was tempted in the recent Iliade published in 2010 (Seuil ed.).
Key words: Homer, greek and latin poetry, anagrams, anaphony, translation.

David Bouvier (Université de Lausanne; david.bouvier@unil.ch)
LOCALISATION DES LETTRES ET DES PHONÈMES DANS L’HEXAMÈTRE HOMÉRIQUE : DÉVELOPPEMENT D’UNE INTUITION REFOULÉE DE FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE (pp. 149-169)
Abstract: Saussure discovered his theory of anagrams at the same time as he was interested in the principles of versification and was failing to identify, in different types of poetry, laws that might reveal a phonic organization that was both coherent and independent from the semantic level. Saussure himself acknowledged how “delighted” he would have been to establish laws of a balanced equilibrium of vowels and consonants, without recourse to the solution of anagrams. The development of a grammato-metrical software at the University of Lausanne and the EPFL permits us to determine, for each metrical position within the Homeric hexameter, the recurrence and frequency of letters and groups of letters. While it is much too early to speak of laws, the results do confirm that Saussure’s intuition is justified : in both the Iliad and the Odyssey, the same sequence of letters and the same letters tend to return at the same metrical positions within the hexameter. Such a finding suggests much more than a simple extension of the law of the localization of words (as once proposed by E. O’Neill) and invites us to question several assumptions.
Key words: Epic, Hexameter, Localization of metrical word-types, Localization of syllables, Localization of letters, Phonic echoes, Phonic architecture, Phrasing, Versification, Grammatometry, Saussure, O’Neill.

III - DOCUMENTS

Letizia Vezzosi (Università degli Studi di Firenze; letizia.vezzosi@gmail.com)
ENCORE SUR WIRDAR (BGE AdS 384/16 f. 45) (pp. 173-178)

Maria Pia Marchese (Università degli Studi di Firenze; maria.marchese@unifi.it)
DEUX MANUSCRITS DE SAUSSURE DATÉS 1884 ET 1885 (AdS 374/1 p. 315-320) (pp. 179-187)

Pierre-Yves Testenoire (Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3; pytestenoire@yahoo.fr)
DEUX NOUVELLES LETTRES DE FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE À ANTOINE MEILLET (pp. 189-204)

Francesca Murano (Università degli Studi di Firenze; francesca.murano@unifi.it)
LES TABLES D’HÉRACLÉE CHEZ SAUSSURE ET BALLY (BGE Ms. fr. 3957 env. 7 et 5131 env. 1-2). DU MAÎTRE À L’ÉLÈVE (pp. 205-221)

Louis Hjelmslev, LA CONCEPTION LINGUISTIQUE MODERNE (1944) (pp. 223-248)
Présentation et traduction par Lorenzo Cigana (Université de Liège; cigana.lorenzo@gmail.com) 

IV - IN MEMORIAM, COMPTES RENDUS, NOUVELLES ET ANNONCES DE COLLOQUES

John E. Joseph (University of Edinburg; John.joseph@ed.ac.ukh)
ROY HARRIS (1931-2015) (pp. 251-254)

« Fryba-Reber Anne-Marguerite, Philologie et linguistique romane. Institutionnalisation des disciplines dans les universités suisses (1872-1945), Peeters (Orbis Supplementa), Leuven – Paris, 2013. », par Pierre-Yves Testenoire (pp. 261-263)

« Ekaterina Velmezova, Istorija lingvistiki v istorii literatury [L’histoire de la linguistique dans l’histoire de la littérature]. Moscou : Indrik, 2014, 416 p. », par Malika Bouimarine (pp. 265-269)

Emanuele Fadda, DE LA PRATIQUE À LA PERTINENCE. LINGUISTIQUE, ÉPISTÉMOLOGIE ET SCIENCES HUMAINES : L’APPORT DE LUIS J. PRIETO. Compte-rendu du congrès, Château de Marlioz (Haute Savoie) 23 mai 2015 (pp. 271-272)

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CAHIERS FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE 67 (2014)

Notice de l'Éditeur
Ce numéro sur JStor.org : https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/i24324136

 

I - ARTICLES

Michel Arrivé (Université de Paris Ouest Nanterre)
L’IMMANENCE DANS LA RÉFLEXION DE SAUSSURE (pp. 5-20)
Abstract: Does the way Saussure approaches language in his linguistic and semiotic reflections partake of immanence or transcendence ? To answer this question, we invoke the work of two other language theorists: firstly Spinoza, whose conception of language is transcendental, secondly Hjelmslev, whose model is strictly immanent. Saussure’s position is then benchmarked against both. Although it clearly tends towards immanence (which helps explain the influence Saussure exerted upon Hjelmslev), language, according to Saussure, is a “floating substance”. Making the “speaking subject” part of the very definition of language results in a position which constantly shifts between a strongly posited immanence and a competing view referring to an entity which is external to language. Is this sufficient to talk about transcendence ?
Key words: immanence, transcendence, speaking subject, substance, semiotics.

Lorenzo Cigana (Università della Calabria/Université de Liège; cigana.lorenzo@gmail.com)
LANGAGE ET COGNITION ENTRE SAUSSURE ET HJELMSLEV (pp. 21-46)
Abstract: In this paper we sketch out some of the linguistic ideas of the “first” Hjelmslev in order to show sort of “reversal continuity”, going to Hjelmslev’s Principes de grammaire generale to a theoretical background which couldn’t be known to him: Ferdinand de Saussure’s unpublished work. Although only the Cours was available to Hjelmslev, it seems that we are able to identify some theoretical issues quite close to Saussure’s positions which emerged only through the philological and reconstructive work done since the discovery of his manuscripts. Our goal is to verify the theoretical – more than the philological – possibilities to place Hjelmslev within the “saussurean perspective” on “language and cognition”.
Key words: glossematics, grammatical psychology, Hjelmslev, language and cognition, saussurean reception.

Marina De Palo (Università La Sapienza; marina.depalo@uniroma1.it)
LA LOGIQUE DES SENTIMENTS : RIBOT, BALLY ET SAUSSURE (pp. 47-67)
Abstract: This paper aims to illustrate how a theoretical line, going back to Ribot and earlier to Auguste Comte, which postulates the existence of a logic of sentiments beside a rational logic, contributes by Bally to the elaboration of a distinction between intellectual and affective language. This theoretical issue enlighten the role of the speaking subject’s sentiment in the saussurean linguistics, and let emerge the blend of affects, intellect and psycho-social dimension which characterizes language.
Key words: Ch. Bally, sentiment, speaking subject, Th. Ribot, value.

Irene Fenoglio (ITEM/CNRS-ENS; Irene.fenoglio@ens.fr)
LINGUISTIQUE GÉNÉRALE ET HÉRITAGE SAUSSURIEN DANS LES NOTES PRÉPARATOIRES DU COURS DE BENVENISTE, COLLÈGE DE FRANCE 1963-64 (pp. 69-89)
Abstract: Disclosing the preparatory manuscript notes of the lecture courses Emile Benveniste gave at the College de France during 1963-1964 shows that the title Problemes de linguistique generale, which will appear later on the cover of his 1966 book, is actually the outcome of a long meditation. The present article brings out these unpublished notes displaying the way by which the linguist – relying on Saussure, but proceeding beyond – makes clear for himself and for the class what does general linguistics consist of.
Key words: Benveniste, General Linguistics, Manuscripts, College de France Lectures 1963-1964.

Sabina Fontana (Università di Catania; sabina.fontana@unict.it)
LES LANGUES DES SIGNES ENTRE TRANSMISSION NATURELLE ET ARTIFICIELLE (pp. 91-114)
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to investigate how and if sign languages are transmitted from one generation to another and to what extent this transmission is conscious. Transmission is strongly affected by the nature of language and its users. Although primary sign languages or home sign systems are individual products, they can become natural languages if shared by a signing community, whereas spoken languages can become artificial
because they are not accessible to deaf people. The accessibility of a language to its users represents the basis for the foundation of a linguistic community.
Key words: Artificiality, Community, Naturalness, Sign language, Transmission.

Marco Mazzeo (Università della Calabria; mazzeo73@gmail.com)
WHEN LESS IS MORE: NEOTENY AND LANGUAGE (pp.115-130)
Abstract: The article proposes a strong connection between verbal language and ontogenysis. It is divided into two parts: the first argues that human ontogeny is characterized by a process that Gould calls “neoteny” (§ 1), and analyses the most recent publications on this subject and the most frequent objections to it (§ 2). The second part illustrates some of the ways in which neoteny represents the condition for the possibility of speaking a language (§ 3) and why it is fundamental in order to have an ample brain, a chronic openness to learning, and the capacity of inhibiting stimuli (§ 4).
Key words: Cognition, Evolution-Development, S. J. Gould, Human ontogenesis, Neoteny.

Anne-Gaëlle Toutain (Université de Paris III; annegaelletoutain@yahoo.fr)
SYSTÈME ET ORGANISATION : LA PENSÉE PRISE DANS LE LANGAGE (pp. 131-144)
Abstract: This paper aims at demonstrating that the problematics of the relationships between language and cognition is not relevant from a Saussurean point of view, that is, more exactly, that any questioning of the relationship between language and cognition has been in advance invalidated by the Saussurean theory of language (langue) The difference between the two problematics is especially clear with the notion of structure, which is therefore the main subject of this paper. It considers successively the notion of value and the Saussurean elaboration of the notion of organization. Concerning the second point, it aims at showing how the distinction between “syntagmatic” and “associative”, and the duality between “relative arbitrary” and “absolute arbitrary” make possible to account for the structuration which is constitutive of every language, in the frame of an elaboration inside the concept of value.
Key words: language and cognition, relative motivation, speech, structure, value.

II - RÉSUMÉS DE THÈSES

Davide Bruzzese (Università della Calabria; david.bruzzese@gmail.com)
POUR UNE PERSPECTIVE ANAGRAMMATIQUE. LA RECHERCHE DE F. DE SAUSSURE SUR LE LANGAGE POÉTIQUE : INTERPRÉTATIONS ET DÉVELOPPEMENTS. (pp. 147-159)
Abstract: The aim of this thesis is to show that the anagrammatic research, carried out by Ferdinand De Saussure between 1906 and 1909, has a real theoretical effectiveness. In order to achieve this objective, the work is based on two perspectives: on the one hand, the anagrammatic research itself has been analysed from a theoretical and philological point of view and, on the other one, the whole critical interpretations of the research have been deeply investigated. As a matter of fact, several documents produced by Saussure in that period have been examined, as unreleased texts located at the BGE, letters exchanged with other scholars and university lectures. The result of this investigation is that, despite the scientific effectiveness of Saussure’s research cannot be demonstrated, its theoretical strength is proved, given that several literary theories arised from that study.
Key words: Anagrams, Roman Jakobson, Poetic language, Theory of sign.

Luciana Moraes Barcelos Marques (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; julumarques@yahoo.com.br)
SAUSSURE ET LES TROIS COURS DE LINGUISTIQUE GÉNÉRALE : UNE DESCRIPTION HISTORIQUE COMPARATIVE DES SOURCES DU CLG ET LES RÉPERCUSSIONS SUR SA CONSTRUCTION (pp. 161-164)
Abstract: The aim of this dissertation was to present Saussure’s teaching, notably in his three courses in General linguistics to a Portuguese readership. Hence not only the content of these lessons was examined but also the order in which the various themes were presented as well as possible evolutions in any of these two parameters from one course to the other, highlighting repetitions, omissions and adjuncts. A few Saussurean concepts like the langue, parole, the linguistic sign and value were also discussed.
Key words: courses in general linguistics, langue, parole, sign, value, Portuguese.

Massimo Brero (Université de Genève; massimobrero@gmail.com)
SYSTÈME DE VISUALISATION, D’ANNOTATION ET DE TRANSCRIPTION DES MANUSCRITS NUMÉRISÉS DE FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE (pp. 165-173)
Abstract: This article is a summary of the Master’s thesis « Système de visualisation, d’annotation et de transcription des manuscrits numérisés de Ferdinand de Saussure ». It was an international and multidisciplinary project whose goal was to develop an application for linguists to suit their need to view and work on high resolution digital photographs of Ferdinand de Saussure’s manuscripts. A complete web application was designed using state-of-the-art web technologies (HTML5/CSS3, JPEG 2000), and semantic web technologies (RDF, triplestore, SPARQL). It allows users to search for manuscripts (full text search), to view large images of manuscripts very efficiently (tiled-image streaming) and to annotate or transcript the manuscript directly over the image. This article briefly summarizes the thesis and focuses on the RDF data model proposed and the possibilities of the interface without explaining too many technical details.
Key words: Annotation, Computer software, Digitization, Manuscripts, Pictures, Semantic web, Transcription.

François Vincent (Université Paris Est-Créteil; fvincent66@gmail.com)
LE PREMIER COURS DE LINGUISTIQUE GÉNÉRALE PROFESSÉ PAR FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE A GENÈVE : COURS I ET STÉNOGRAPHIE CAILLE : TRANSCRIPTIONS ET COMMENTAIRES (pp. 175-190)
Abstract: In Geneva, Ferdinand de Saussure professed, by developing gradually his presentation, three lectures of general linguistics between 1906 and 1911. Louis Caille and Albert Riedlinger are among the students who benefited from this lecture. The transcription of the stenography by Caille, and the transcription of a new manuscript relieved by Daniele Gambarara in august 2011, and therefore can compare with the Riedlinger’s already known notetakings. The triple transcription – detailed according to the ranking of the articles of the Engler’s edition – allows to specify the conditions of elaboration of the text of Cours I. As a result, de facto, the only source strictly speaking of Cours I is this Caille stenography, contrary to what suggested until now the knowledge of texts considered inevitably in the historic order of their acquisitions; the elements of the synthesis
of the three lectures – the Cours de Linguistique Generale (CLG), published by Ch. Bally and A. Sechehaye – are distinguished from each other, and its elaboration is analyzable accurately.
Key words: Aristotle, category, General Linguistics, Inner Speech,.quaternion, semiosis, system, word

Lorenzo Cigana (Università della Calabria/Université de Liège; cigana.lorenzo@gmail.com)
LA NOTION DE « PARTICIPATION » CHEZ LOUIS HJELMSLEV : UN FIL ROUGE DE LA GLOSSEMATIQUE (pp. 191-202)
Abstract: Glossematics’ concept of participation has long been “evaded” by the linguistic, semiotic and epistemological reception of Louis Hjelmslev’s theory: not quite “ignored” – since long-known studies (cf. Greimas, Zilberberg, Caputo et alii) have already stressed its more evident theoretical background, criticized some of its assumptions and even tried to solve its specificities into a comparison with the more widespread paradigm of markedness – but yet it has not been “discussed” within a dedicated work. Aim of this thesis is to reconstruct the theoretical sources, premises, assumptions and implications – in a word: the “constellation” – of such a notion, which could be counted among glossematics’ key-features: in fact, the idea that language is organized pre logically, namely according to specific forms of vague and asymmetrical correlations (whose law is expressed by the opposition A vs. A + ~A), is kept almost constant throughout Hjelmslev’s meditation and throughout all the various references to extra-linguistic fields (anthropology, psychology, logic, epistemology) and authors (ranging from the most-known theories of Karcesvkij, Peskovskij, Levy-Bruhl and Jakobson but including also some fils rouges, more or less indirect references to Saussure, Bally, van Ginneken, Delacroix, Steinthal, Herbart, Sapir, Sainean, Ranulf, Maier, if not to Kalepky and Meyerson). To follow the very “fabrication” of this concepts is thus to be able to observe the construction of glossematics in a somewhat cross-sectional view.
Key words: Glossematics, Participation, Prelogic, Sublogic

Thomas Robert (Université de Genève/Università della Calabria; thomas-robert@live.fr)
L’ORIGINE DU LANGAGE DE L’ANIMAL HUMAIN : ROUSSEAU, DARWIN, SAUSSURE (pp. 203-212)
Abstract: The question of the origin of language has a long interdisciplinary history. However, linguists interested in the origin of language tend to give biological answers to this problem. In order to give an alternative approach of the question of the origin of language to the dominant naturalistic orientation, it is necessary to study another tradition, which has to be attested both historically and theoretically. Rousseau, Darwin and Saussure are three major figures of such an alternative tradition. The three of them recognise that linguistics is a social science and that the process of the emergence of language is rooted in passionate expression.
Key words: Ch, Darwin; Ethology; Expression; Origin of language; J.-J. Rousseau

III - DOCUMENTS

Claire-Antonella Forel (Université de Genève; claire.forel@unige.ch)
UNE NOUVELLE PHOTO DE JEUNESSE DE F. DE SAUSSURE (pp. 215-216)

Francesca Murano (Università degli Studi di Firenze; francesca.murano@unifi.it)
F. DE SAUSSURE’S LETTERS TO GIOVANNI PASCOLI (pp. 217-221)

Il-Il Yatziv-Malibert (INALCO; ilil-yatziv.malibert@inalco.fr)
INTRODUCTION ET NOTE TERMINOLOGIQUE À F. DE SAUSSURE, COURS DE LINGUISTIQUE GÉNÉRALE, Traduction en hebreu [suivie de notes] par Avner Lahav. Tel Aviv : Resling, 2005, 356 p., ISBN : 585-200, prix 94 NIS (pp. 223-232)

Emilie Neukomm (Université de Genève; emilie.neukomm@edu.ge.ch)
BALLY ET L’ENSEIGNEMENT DU LATIN (pp. 233-249)

Giuseppe Cosenza (Università della Calabria; cs.giuseppe@gmail.com)
LES DISQUETTES MAGNETIQUES DE RUDOLF ENGLER (pp. 251-264)

Giuseppe Cosenza (Università della Calabria; cs.giuseppe@gmail.com)
L’ORDRE ORIGINEL DE CERTAINS MANUSCRITS DE SAUSSURE SELON ENGLER (pp. 265-271)

Rudolf Engler †
ERRATA AU LEXIQUE DE LA TERMINOLOGIE SAUSSURIENNE (1968) ET A L’ÉDITION CRITIQUE DU CLG (1968-1974) (pp. 273-280)
Textes édités par Giuseppe Cosenza (Università della Calabria; cs.giuseppe@gmail.com)

IV - DOCTORAT HONORIS CAUSA À TULLIO DE MAURO 

Nicolas Zufferey, PRÉSENTATION (pp. 283-285)

V - IN MEMORIAM, COMPTES RENDUS, NOUVELLES ET ANNONCES DE COLLOQUES 

Kazuhiro Matsuzawa (University of Nagoya; j46159a@piano.ocn.ne.jp)
EISUKE KOMATSU (20 septembre 1940 – 4 mai 2013) (pp. 289-291) 

[Comité du Cercle]
JOHANNES FEHR (28 mars 1957 – 17 juillet 2014) (pp. 293-296) 

« L’apport des manuscrits de Ferdinand de Saussure, L. Depecker (dir.), Langage 185, mars 2012. », par Claire-Antonella Forel (pp. 297-300) 

« Ferdinand de Saussure : la linguistique comme passion, DVD, formation continue de l'Université de Genève/Cercle Ferdinand de Saussure, 2013 », par Pierre-Yves Testenoire (pp. 301-302) 

« Guida per un’edizione digitale dei manoscritti di Ferdinand de Saussure : progetto di ricerca PRIN 2008, a cura di Daniele Gambarara e Maria Pia Marchese. Alessandria : Edizioni dell’Orso (Studi e ricerche 117), 2013, VI+207 p. – 9788862744782, € 17 », par Claire-Antonella Forel (pp. 302-307) 

« Il corso di “Étymologie grecque et latine” (1911-1912) di Ferdinand de Saussure negli appunti di Louis Brutsch, a cura di Francesca Murano. Alessandria, Edizioni dell’Orso (collection “Studi e Ricerche”), 2013, ISBN 9788862744980, euro 17,00 », par Emanuele Fadda (pp. 307-309) 

« De l’essence double du langage et le renouveau du saussurisme, Arena romanistica 12, University of Bergen, 2013. », par Pierre-Yves Testenoire (pp. 309-314) 

« Ferdinand de Saussure, Anagrammes homériques. Présentés et édités par Pierre-Yves Testenoire ; préface de Daniele Gambarara. Limoges : Lambert-Lucas, 2013, 450 p. ISBN : 978-2-35935-047-0, prix : 60 € » et « Pierre-Yves Testenoire, Ferdinand de Saussure à la recherche des anagrammes. Limoges : Lambert-Lucas, 2013, 350 p. ISBN : 978-2-35935-048-7, prix : 40 € », par Francesca Murano (pp. 316-326). 

« Dušanka Točanac & Milena Jovanović (eds.), Saussureana I : Ferdinand de Saussure – siècle de linguistique générale, Faculté des lettres de l’Université de Belgrade, Belgrade, 2013. », par Thomas Robert (pp. 328-331) 

« Ferdinand de Saussure, Cours de linguistique generale ; Zweisprachige Ausgabe franzosisch-deutsch mit Einleitung, Anmerkungen und Kommentar [von] Peter Wunderli. Tübingen : Narr, 2013, 478 p. – 9783823367611, € 128 (Hb)/– 9783823377610 (eBook) », par Daniele Gambarara (pp. 332-337) 

INSTITUTION ET DIFFÉRENCE. ACTUALITÉ DE FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE. Institut Suisse de Rome/Université de Calabre, mars – mai 2013, compte-rendu par Francesco Raparelli (pp. 341-343)

4^èmes RENCONTRES INTERNATIONALES DE L’INTERACTIONNISME SOCIO-DISCURSIF. Université de Genève, 17-19 juillet 2013, compte-rendu par  Ekaterina Bulea-Bronckart et Cristian Bota (pp. 344-351)

19^ème CONGRÈS INTERNATIONAL DES LINGUISTES. ACTUALITÉ DE SAUSSURE ET HISTOIRE DES IDÉES LINGUISTIQUES (Genève, 21-27 juillet 2013), compte-rendu par Ekaterina Velmezova et Valéry Kouznetsov (pp. 352-355)

SAUSSURE : A FUTURA MEMORIA. Université d’Urbino, 9-10 septembre 2013, compte-rendu par Massimo Prampolini (pp. 355-357)

ÉCOLE DOCTORALE EN SCIENCES DU LANGAGE. Leysin, 3-5 octobre 2013, compte-rendu par Sébastien Moret (pp. 358-360)

CENT ANS DE LINGUISTIQUE(S). Kairouan (Tunisie), 20-22 novembre 2013, compte-rendu par Emanuele Fadda (pp. 360-361)

A CENT’ANNI DA SAUSSURE, Université de Turin, 28 novembre 2013, compte-rendu par Marco Angster (pp. 362-366)

SAUSSURE ET L’ANTIQUITÉ AUJOURD’HUI. LANGUES, TEXTES, CULTURES. Colloque international, Université de Genève, 10-11 octobre 2014, compte-rendu par Pierre-Yves Testenoire (pp. 369-370)

VI - BIBLIOGRAPHIES

Daniele Gambarara, avec la collaboration de Giuseppe D’Ottavi et de Pierre-Yves Testenoire
PUBLICATIONS AUTOUR DE F. DE SAUSSURE, 2006-2013 (pp. 373-401)

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CAHIERS FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE 66 (2013)

Notice de l'Éditeur
Ce numéro sur JStor.org : https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/i24324183

 

I - 1913 - 2013

John E. Joseph (University of Edinburgh; john.joseph@ed.ac.uk)
FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE ET LA GENÈVE DE SON TEMPS. À L’OCCASION DU CENTENAIRE DE SA MORT (pp. 7-25)
Abstract: The life and work of Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913) were marked by the 400-year-old attachment of his family to the Republic of Geneva. This article sketches the social and political history of Geneva over that period, culminating in the dramatic events that occurred weeks before Saussure’s death. Along with an account of his life and career and a résumé of the principal ideas that would bring him posthumous fame, the article examines the turn of his linguistic research in the 1890s and early 1900s toward Geneva and its environs, and what it may have signified for him personally and professionally.
Keywords: Saussure, biography, Mémoire, Genève, General Linguistics

II - HOMMAGE À CURZIO CHIESA

Alain de Libera, Thomas Robert (Université de Genève; Alain.DeLibera@unige.ch, thomas-robert@live.fr)
CURZIO CHIESA (5 novembre 1953 – 17 septembre 2012). IN MEMORIAM (pp. 29-32)

III - ARTICLES

Marc Décimo (Université d’Orléans; marc.decimo@gmail.com)
DE LA SYNECDOQUE SAUSSURE À LOUIS RAMET :  DE L’ARBITRAIRE DU SIGNE À L’ARBITRAIRE DE LA MOTIVATION (pp. 35-48)
Abstract: I propose to present the historical context in which the Linguistic Society of Paris, Victor Henry, Saussure and others come to advocate the arbitrariness of the sign, the target of all researchers of origin. I then tried to analyze the mechanism of the writings of Louis Ramet, which today raises the language of contemplation of the moon by wolves. These writings seem to echo a “primal scene”.
Keywords: Origin of Language, Arbitrariness of the sign, Motivated Signs, Lunatics, Primal scene.

Emanuele Fadda (Università della Calabria; lelefadda@gmail.com)
‘SENTIMENT’: ENTRE MOT ET TERME. QUELQUES NOTES SUR LE TRAVAIL ET LA LANGUE DE FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE (pp. 49-65)
Abstract: This paper sketches an analysis of saussurean usage of the word ‘sentiment’, showing how there are two kinds of use: the first is more general (as a word), while the second (which is present mostly in the last phase of Saussure’s thinking) is more technical (as a term), and refers to the specific object of morphology. The case of ‘sentiment’ (although rarely noted, till now) is very interesting in order to make remarks on Saussure’s mode of expression (and on the general principles to dress a saussurean lexicon) and to see a fundamental joint between langue and parole.
Keywords: sentiment, morphology, saussurean lexicon, parole.

Vladimir Feshchenko, Newman Lao (Académie des Sciences de Russie; ???; takovich2@gmail.com)
FROM THE HISTORY OF GLOSSOLALIA STUDIES. THE CASE OF HÉLÈNE SMITH ON THE BORDERLINES OF LINGUISTICS, PSYCHOLOGY, AND RELIGION (pp. 67-79)
Abstract: This article proposes an inquiry into the origins of the scientific interest towards glossolalic phenomena. It analyzes the studies and works of two prominent Swiss scholars – the linguist Ferdinand de Saussure and the psychologist Théodore Flournoy – in their quest to decipher and interpret glossolalic speech in the case of Hélène Smith, a Swiss medium and psychic who gave spiritualistic séances between 1894 and 1901 for a group of academics, inspired and headed by Flournoy. The aim of this paper is to consider this matter on an interdisciplinary scale, discussing how theoretical linguistics and religious psychology identified and conceptualized their subject matter when encountering marginal and paranormal states of consciousness. At the turn of the twentieth century, Théodore Flournoy’s studies of Hélène Smith’s case of glossolalia opened linguistics, psychology and religion to a ‘new dimension’ of science that Flournoy called its ‘third path’ to overcome a systematic binary contradiction in which we can include Ferdinand de Saussure’s binary conception of signs (signifier/signified).
Keywords: Th. Flournoy, glossolalia, Helen Smith, religious psychology.

Claire Forel et Brigitte Gerber (Université de Genève; claire.forel@unige.ch; brigitte.gerber@unige.ch)
L’APPRENTISSAGE DES LANGUES AU-DELA DE LA LINGUISTIQUE : LE CECR (pp. 81-95)
Abstract: The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, a new tool for teaching foreign languages, is now widely used in most European countries. The purpose of this article is to show its main features and how it contributes to enriching teachers’ resources. It also reminds teachers about certain aspects of languages that recent theories tended to leave out.
Keywords: action-oriented approach, Bally, CEFR, foreign languages, language as a social product, language learning, CEFR, plurilingualism.

Thomas Robert (Université de Genève/Università della Calabria; thomas-robert@live.fr)
PRINCIPES DE LINGUISTIQUE DARWINIENNE (pp. 97-119)
Abstract: Evolutionary linguistics has been generally developed within a neo-Darwinian paradigm. Roughly defined, neo-Darwinian linguistics is adaptationist, anthropocentrist and studies the (human) faculty of language. Surprisingly, such an approach is in contradiction with Darwin’s study of language. In the context of a search for the origins of human articulate language, Darwin defends a non-adaptationist, anthropomorphist linguistics that studies the multiple expressions among species of a minimal faculty of language, defined as a general semiotic faculty. By explaining its development through sexual selection and the expression of the emotions, I contrast such Darwinian linguistics with two different neo-Darwinian approaches, namely Pinker’s radical adaptationism and Hauser Chomsky and Fitch’s more moderate theory towards the role of natural selection with respect to the evolution of language.
Keywords: Evolutionary linguistics, Darwinian Studies, Faculty of language, Language instinct, Natural and sexual selection.

Anne-Gaëlle Toutain (EA 4509 et UMR 7597; annegaelletoutain@yahoo.fr)
DUALITÉ ET UNITÉ DE L’ARBITRAIRE SAUSSURIEN (pp. 121-135)
Abstract: This article tries to reconsider the question of the arbitrary character of the linguistic sign, as it seems to us that this question is especially likely to show the topicality of the Saussurean theory of language. We analyze successively Benveniste’s appreciation of this principle, as well as the commentaries it has given rise to, and the Saussurean redefinition of the traditional notion of the arbitrary character of the sign, in order to show the power of the epistemological obstacle of the sound/meaning relation.
Keywords: arbitrary, conventional, semiology, value, epistemological obstacle, theorization.

François Vincent (UPEC Université Paris-Est Créteil; fvincent66@gmail.com)
VICTOR EGGER, FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE, ET LA PAROLE INTÉRIEURE (pp. 137-151)
Abstract: Few of Saussurean notes being precisely dated (as a proportion of those who are), it is difficult to reconstruct the formation of the Saussurean doctrine over time. When text shows that philosophical and linguistic forms by the linguist reactions, nuances, and is exercised at the time of his teaching responsibilities at the EPHE, its participation in meetings of the Linguistic Society of Paris, and contacts and through readings of Parisian philosophers, should try to read what he read, to reform. For example, the thesis of the philosopher V. Egger, The inner speech, which is the subject of a short note from what remains of manuscripts F. de Saussure, seems to have influenced the views that he expresses future in the presentation of these courses in General Linguistics, a few years later, in Geneva.
Keywords: F. de Saussure, Victor Egger, General Linguistics, language, inner speech, semiosis, system, language philosophy, psychology, memory, conscious, “endophasie”.

IV - RÉSUMÉS DE THÈSES

Anne-Gaëlle Toutain (EA 4509 et UMR 7597; annegaelletoutain@yahoo.fr)
« MONTRER AU LINGUISTECE QU’IL FAIT ». UNE ANALYSE ÉPISTÉMOLOGIQUE DU STRUCTURALISME EUROPÉEN (HJELMSLEV, JAKOBSON, MARTINET, BENVENISTE) DANS SA FILIATION SAUSSURIENNE (pp. 155-164)
Abstract: This thesis consists in a compared and thorough epistemological analysis of the whole of Saussure’s published work and of a significant part of Hjelmslev’s, Jakobson’s, Martinet’s and Benveniste’s. Its aim is to show that although it has acknowledged Saussure as an influence, European structuralism is not Saussurean. In doing so, it aims at bringing out the specificity of Saussure’s problematics and its stakes for linguistics and more widely for the sciences of the human being. Saussure’s problematics had made a theoretical apprehension of language (la langue) possible for the first time in the history of linguistics. On the other hand, the problematics of structuralism is entirely empirical, so that its scientificity is in fact a product of a scientific ideology (idéologie scientifique), in Georges Canguilhem’s sense of the word. The very core of this radical divergence in the problematics lies in the lack of structuralist theorization of the sound/meaning relation, and correlatively, the misunderstanding of Saussure’s concept of system. This system then becomes a structure, that is to say, as we try to show, the structural apprehension of an object whose commonly held and evident definition (language as an instrument of communication) is not questioned. Thus, Saussure’s etiological problematics, which is constitutive of the concept of language (langue), is echoed by an analytical problematics, which itself leads to the construction of an object (form or structure), instead of a concept. More precisely, the structuralist problematics is idiomological. Thus, it misses the difference there is between language (langue) and idiom, a distinction we thus try to demonstrate as necessary as well as constitutive for the theorization of language in the narrow sense of the word (la langue), and beyond it, of language in its larger sense (le langage), particularly in the context of an articulation between linguistics and psychoanalysis.
Keywords: idiom, language, epistemology, value, structure, problematics, psychosis.

V - DOCUMENTS

Maria Pia Marchese (Università degli Studi di Firenze; maria.marchese@unifi.it)
SUR LE NOM ALLEMAND DE LA VISTULE (BGE, Arch. de Saussure 384/10) (pp. 161-172)

Davide Bruzzese (Università della Calabria; david.bruzzese@gmail.com)
QUELQUES REMARQUES SUR LES SALLES DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE GENÈVE OÙ SAUSSURE DONNAIT SES COURS (pp. 173-180)

Estanislao Sofía (FNRS - Université de Liège; estanislao.sofia@gmail.com)
CENT ANS DE PHILOLOGIE SAUSSURIENNE. LETTRES ÉCHANGÉES PAR ALBERT SECHEHAYE ET CHARLES BALLY EN VUE DE L’ÉDITION DU COURS DE LINGUISTIQUE GÉNÉRALE (1916) (pp. 181-197)

VI - IN MEMORIAM, COMPTES RENDUS, NOUVELLES ET ANNONCES DE COLLOQUES

Giuseppe D’Ottavi (ENS, CNRS/ITEM; giuseppe.dottavi@ens.fr)
IN MEMORIAM MANFRED MAYRHOFER (1926-2011) (pp. 201-205)

« Émile BENVENISTE – Dernières Leçons – Collège de France. 1968 et 1969. Hautes–Études – EHESS – Paris : Gallimard – Seuil, 2012 ; 210 p. », par Françoise Bader (pp. 207-215)

« Federico Bravo, Anagrammes. Sur une hypothèse de Ferdinand de Saussure. Limoges : Lambert-Lucas (collection « Linguistique »), 2011, 280 p. ISBN : 978-2-35935-036-4. 30€ », par Davide Bruzzese (pp. 217-218)

« J. E. Joseph, Saussure, Oxford & New York : Oxford University Press 2012, xii + 780 pages, £ 30.00 (£ 19.80 format Kindle) », par Giuseppe D’Ottavi et Rossana De Angelis (pp. 219-225)

Rossana De Angelis, LE COLLOQUE TEXTES, OEUVRES, DOCUMENTS (AUTOUR DE FRANÇOIS RASTIER). CENTRE CULTUREL INTERNATIONAL DE CERISY-LA-SALLE, 6-13 JUILLET 2012 (pp. 227-231)

Pierre-Yves Testenoire, 3^eCONGRÈS MONDIAL DE LINGUISTIQUE FRANÇAISE, LYON, 4-7 JUILLET 2012 (p. 233)

Estanislao Sofía, PREMIÈRES JOURNÉES INTERNATIONALES D’HISTOIRE DE LA LINGUISTIQUE. 1-3 AOÛT 2012 – UNIVERSITÉ DE BUENOS AIRES – BUENOS AIRES (pp. 235-236)

Estanislao Sofía, ANNONCES DE COLLOQUES ET MANIFESTATIONS EN HOMMAGE À SAUSSURE DANS LE CADRE DU CENTIÈME ANNIVERSAIRE DE SA DISPARITION PHYSIQUE  (pp. 236-239)

Francesca Murano, SÉMINAIRE INTERNATIONAL « PER UN’EDIZIONE DIGITALE DEI MANOSCRITTI DI FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE (FLORENCE, 21-22 SEPTEMBRE 2012) (pp. 241-250)

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CAHIERS FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE 65 (2012)

Notice de l'Éditeur
Ce numéro sur JStor.org : https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/i24324118

 

I - HOMMAGE À CLAUDINE NORMAND

Christian Puech (Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3; christian.puech@univ-paris3.fr)
CLAUDINE NORMAND (16 mars 1934 – 4 décembre 2011). In memoriam (pp. 5-10)

II - ARTICLES

Sémir Badir (Université de Liège; semir.badir@ulg.ac.be)
LE CONCRET ET L’ABSTRAIT DANS LA PHONOLOGIE ET DANS LA PHONÉTIQUE DE SAUSSURE (pp. 13-23)
Abstract: Since concrete and abstract are opposite concepts alternately appraised by Saussure, we must find a way not to derive uncertain conclusions by some hesitation or, even worse, some contradiction in his thoughts. If we make an internal analysis, we can see that there are two approaches connecting a concrete element to an abstract form: one for phonology, and another for phonetics. A broader exegesis, which will refer to Comte and Hegel, will allow us to specify the epistemological stake in the differentiation of these two conceptual paths.
Keywords: Abstract, concrete, phonetics, phonology, semiology.

Antonino Bondì (CREA- École Polytechnique; antoninobondi80@gmail.com)
LE SUJET PARLANT COMME ÊTRE HUMAIN ET SOCIAL (pp. 25-38)
Abstract: What role does the speaking subject in saussurean theory of language and in phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty ? The article focuses on links between experience of language, the speaking subject and semiotic expression. Central thesis of the work is that the understanding of the relationship between langage and langues does not passy only through the tension between the generality of language and linguistic diversity, but also the understanding of the collective intelligence and education in which the individual language is involved. Language, then, is seen as a structure of social perception of the world, hinge between perceptual experience and symbolic expression. The linguistics of Saussure, then, can be considered as a form of the phenomenology of linguistics experience ».
Keywords: Expression, Merleau-Ponty, phenomenology, potential speech, real speech, speaking subject.

Claire-Antonella Forel (Université de Genève; claire.forel@unige.ch)
QUELQUES ASPECTS DES TRADUCTIONS ANGLAISES DU CLG (pp. 39-50)
Abstract: The Course in General Linguistics was first translated in English by Wade Baskin in 1959 and then by Roy Harris in 1983. This article presents the discussions around these translations, first from a general point of view and then in more detail where terminology is concerned. To these a number of new points about the translation of other Saussurean concepts have been added. They are the outcome of a seminar held at the University of Geneva.
Keywords: Baskin, CLG translations, faces du signe, Harris, langue-parole-langage, masse parlante, translation.

Hans-Johann Glock (University of Zurich; glock@philos.uzh.ch)
WHAT IS A THEORY OF MEANING ? JUST WHEN YOU THOUGHT CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS WAS DEAD… (pp. 51-79)
Abstract: This article discusses the contrast between two types of theories of meaning: ‘analytic’ theories that provide an explanation of the concept of linguistic meaning and ‘constructive’ theories that allow the derivation of statements specifying the meaning of the sentences of a specific language. Contrary to Davidson, Dummett and McDowell, reflecting on the form that a constructive theory for a natural language should take neither solves the task of explaining the concept of meaning nor does it show that enterprise to be superfluous. Conceptual analysis remains essential at two levels: an illuminating constructive theory would have to analyse the concepts of the object language; and the adequacy of a particular type of constructive theory can only be assessed on the basis of an adequate understanding of semantic concepts. To establish these conclusions I reject the Davidson/McDowell proposal that a constructive theory should be (conceptually) ‘modest’ while defending the idea that it should be ‘psychologically’ modest.
Keywords: conceptual analysis, Davidson, Dummett, McDowell, modesty, theory of meaning.

Claudio Paolucci (Università di Bologna; c.paolucci@unibo.it)
IDENTITÉ, SÉMANTIQUE, VALEUR. L’ACTUALITÉ DE SAUSSURE POUR LA SÉMIOTIQUE CONTEMPORAINE (pp. 81-102)
Abstract: In this paper, we will argue that Saussurian’s theory of differential identity (theory of value) constitutes the importation of the revolution of Leibnizian’s differential calculus inside Linguistics. We will also claim that structural Semiotics did not manage to found itself on this revolution, as it pretended to do. We will also try to show how contemporary Semiotics has to be grounded on the Saussurian’s revolution, discussing a differential theory of meaning in its relationship with Cognitive Semantics and Analytic Philosophy of Language.
Keywords: Differential Calculus, Cognitive Semantics, Identity, Semiotics, Value.

David Piotrowski (CREA - CNRS; david.piotrowski@polytechnique.edu)
MORPHODYNAMIQUE DU SIGNE III: SIGNIFICATION PHÉNOMÉNOLOGIQUE (pp. 103-123)
Abstract: The Saussurian theory of the sign superimposes the phenomenological and the systematic points of views – but without real discussion: the sign taken as an object of semiotic perception conceals the forms taken by the structural objectivity of the sign. First we shall discuss this state of affairs on the broad standpoint of structural and phenomenological grounds. Then, after highlighting this standpoint in the Cours, we shall establish its validity by showing the existence of a strict correspondence between the morphodynamical architecture of the Saussurian sign and the forms of semiotic phenomenon as described by Husserl.
Keywords: E. Husserl, morphodynamics, phenomenology, sign, structural objectivity.

Thomas Robert (Université de Genève; thomas robertt4@etu.unige.ch)
LE FACTEUR TEMPS DANS LA VIE DE LA LANGUE : TROIS INTERPRÉTATIONS GRAPHIQUES DE LA PENSÉE SAUSSURIENNE (pp. 125-132)
Abstract: A famous diagram of the Course in General Linguistics is at odds with two different versions contained in the students’ notes and Saussure’s preparatory notes. By analysing these three different diagrams and explaining the potential interpretations that can be extrapolated from them, I suggest that the editors of the CLG elaborated the most satisfying representation of Saussure’s concepts.
Keywords:CLG editors, Diagram, Speaking mass, Time.

Pierre-Yves Testenoire (Université de Rouen; pytestenoire@yahoo.fr)
LA PLACE DE « LA THÉOSOPHIE BRAHMANIQUE »DANS L’OEUVRE DE SAUSSURE (pp. 133-155)
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to introduce reading a misunderstood article of Saussure, published in his lifetime: “Brahmanic Theosophy”. This article is a review of Paul Oltramare’s book: the first part of The History of Theosophic Ideas in India, dealing with Brahmanic Theosophy. We try to situate this review in published and manuscript work of Saussure. We examine the conditions of writing and the vicissitudes of the transmission of this article. The published text, confronted with the manuscripts, raises questions about the role of reading Oltramare’s book in philosophical and poetic thought of the linguist.
Keywords: Charles Bally, Léopold Gautier, Inde, Oltramare, Recueil des Publications scientifiques de Ferdinand de Saussure, Theosophy.

III - RÉSUMÉS DE THÈSES

Rossana De Angelis (Università della Calabria/Université de la Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3; rossana.deangelis@gmail.com)
LE TEXTE EN DÉBAT. LES RELATIONS ÉPISTÉMOLOGIQUES ENTRE SÉMIOTIQUE ET HERMÉNEUTIQUE DANS LA DEUXIÈME MOITIÉ DU XX^eSIÈCLE (pp. 159-170)
Abstract: The notion of text acquires a fundamental epistemological role in the disciplines of language in the second half of the XXth century. The analysis of some linguistic objects we have called semiological tools could highlight some epistemological issues in the use of the term text. From the Sixties we can observe that text has progressively acquired the general status of an object of analysis. Nevertheless, if linguistic text proves to be a common object of analysis for semiotics and hermeneutics, then it is necessary to reconsider their epistemological relations, to understand something new about what text is. Considering the interpretative problem in the hjelmslevian epistemology, a new perspective emerges between these complementary approaches to text. Comparing semiotics and hermeneutics we can also question the epistemological role that the notion of text embodies among contemporary disciplines of language.
Keywords: Text, Discourse, Interpretative semantics, Semiotics, Hermeneutics.

IV - DOCUMENTS

Georges-Jean Pinault (EPHE - Paris; georges.pinault@wanadoo.fr)
INÉDITS DE FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE, EXTRAITS DE LA CORRESPONDANCE AVEC LOUIS HAVET EN 1879 (pp. 173-214)

Luca Pesini (Università degli Studi di Firenze; luca_pesini@yahoo.it)
UN AUTRE FRAGMENT INÉDIT DE LA CORRESPONDANCE SAUSSURE-BALLY (BGE, Ms. fr. 5134, ff. 21-2, 29-32) (pp. 215-238)

Francesca Murano (Università degli Studi di Firenze; francesca.murano@gmail.com)
FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE ET L’ÉPIGRAPHIE LATINE. NOTES INÉDITES SUR L’INSCRIPTION DU FORUM (pp. 239-252)

Pierre-Yves Testenoire (Université de Rouen; pytestenoire@yahoo.fr)
SAUSSURE ET LES OLTRAMARE (pp. 253-265)

Daniele Gambarara (Università della Calabria; daniele.gambarara@gmail.com)
COMMENT ÉDITER LES COURS DE SAUSSURE: L’EXEMPLE DE R. GODEL (pp. 267-271)

V - COMPTES RENDUS

« Ferdinand de Saussure, Science du langage, De la double essence du langage et autres documents du ms. BGE Arch. de Saussure 372. Édition critique partielle, mais raisonnée et augmentée des Écrits de linguistique générale, par René Amacker. Publications du Cercle Ferdinand de Saussure, VII. Genève, Droz 2011, 354 p. ISBN 978-2-600-01508-0. 32,00 euro. », par Daniele Gambarara (pp. 269-271)

« Michel Arrivé (éd. par), Du côté de chez Saussure, Limoges, Lambert Lucas(Linguistique), 2008, 276 p. ISBN 978-2-915-80688-5, 32.50 euro » et « Jean-Paul Bronckart, Ecaterina Bulea, Cristian Bota (éd. par), Le projet de Ferdinand de Saussure, Genève-Paris, Droz (Langue et cultures n° 42), 2010, 368 p. ISBN 978-2-600-01394-9, 31.88 euro », par Emanuele Fadda (pp. 273-278)

« Paul Bouissac, Saussure. A Guide for the Perplexed. Continuum, London-New York, 2010. », par Claire-Antonella Forel (pp. 279-280)

« Ludwig Jäger, Ferdinand de Saussure - Zur Einführung, Hamburg, Junius-Verlag (Zur Einführung, n° 322), 2010, 253 p., ISBN 978-3-88506-622-4, 14.90 euro », par Lorenzo Cigana (pp. 281-284)

Claire-Antonella Forel, PREMIER APERÇU SUR LES MANIFESTATIONS SCIENTIFIQUES POUR LE CENTENAIRE DE LA MORT DE F. DE SAUSSURE (pp. 291-292)

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CAHIERS FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE 64 (2011)

Notice de l'Éditeur
Ce numéro sur JStor.org : https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/i40144558

 

I - ARTICLES

Marie-Claude Capt-Artaud (Université de Genève; marie-claude.capt@unige.ch )
AUTOUR DE LA BIFACIALITÉ DU SIGNE (pp. 5-25)
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to draw out the main differences among several kinds of « bifaciality » and henceforth to indicate some remarkable properties of the linguistic sign – owing to the arbitrariness to which it is ascribed. By unfolding these various ways of shaping bifacial entities, the author aims at defining the tasks for a semiological study of speech.
Keywords: Arbitrary bifaciality; conventional association; identity; semiology; speech; value.

Alessandro Carlucci (University of Exeter; A.Carlucci@exeter.ac.uk)
GRAMSCI AND THE COURS DE LINGUISTIQUE GÉNÉRALE (pp. 27-48)
Abstract: Are there any links between Antonio Gramsci’s ideas on language and the contents of the CLG? Although no documentary evidence exists confirming that Gramsci read the Cours, some passages from his writings bear striking resemblances to Saussure’s posthumous work. This article argues that certain aspects of Gramsci’s life can account for those resemblances. Between 1911 and 1926, he studied linguistics at Turin University and came into contact with early Soviet cultural life, residing in Russia twice in the early 1920s. Soviet linguists were then discussing the Cours, and post-revolutionary intellectual life was, on the whole, quite receptive to it. At the same time, the specific cases of individual linguists and publications – especially some articles that appeared in the journal La Cultura – show that inter-war Italian culture was not impervious to (at least some of) the ideas expressed in the CLG. Therefore, it is likely that these ideas became part of the intellectual milieu in which Gramsci’s thought developed.
Keywords: Michel Bréal; Antonio Gramsci; Grammar; Language and politics; Metaphor; Reception of CLG in Italy and Russia.

Tomáš Hoskovec (Masarykova Univerzita; 947@mail.muni.cz)
SYNCHRONIE ET DIACHRONIE AU CENTRE ET À LA PÉRIPHÉRIE: DU FOYER PRAGOIS DE STRUCTURALISME FONCTIONNEL (pp. 49-72)
Abstract: Synchrony and diachrony in the centre and on the periphery of Prague functional structuralism Structuralism is conceived of as a rather unstructured amount of large sets of scholarly works. A very important kind of set is a focus (foyer), a sum of texts which have been produced within and by an intellectual milieu. The texts from one focus are not supposed to use, all of them, one and the same notional apparatus (such a claim would be characteristic of a school, which is a much smaller set of scholarly texts; there may be several schools in one focus). The texts from one focus are supposed to know of one another, to react to one another, to share certain general goals with one another. In this sense, Prague functional structuralism is a focus, not a school. The Prague structuralist focus is compared here to the Geneva one with respect to the classical Genevan opposition of synchrony vs. diachrony. Since the Praguian functionalist approach leads to quite a different conception of the dichotomy of language and speech (instead of an anti-systemic parole as opposed to a fully-systemic langue, there are concrete texts/utterances as ultima ratio for an inventory of goal-oriented means, which is the language), a systemic view is equally required for both the dimensions of language, i.e. for synchrony as well as for diachrony.
Keywords: Diachrony; Functionalism; Geneva school; Prague school; Structuralism; Synchrony.

Kenneth Liberman (University of Oregon; liberman@uoregon.edu)
THE REFLEXIVE INTELLIGIBILITY OF AFFAIRS : ETHNOMETHODOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON COMMUNICATING SENSE (pp. 73-99)
Abstract: Ethnomethodology captures ordinary events in ways that retain their dynamic and collaborative character. Ethnomethodologists identify people’s methods for developing a practical objectivity that can render their local affairs meaningful and orderly, and they closely scrutinize the local details of mundane affairs in order to describe how a local cohort of cooperating parties concert themselves in providing an intelligibility for their social interaction, local work that is naturally occurring and depends upon the reflexive character of any emerging sense.
Keywords: ethnomethodology; Harold Garfinkel; Maurice Merleau-Ponty; objectivation; reflexivity.

David Piotrowski (CREA – CNRS; david.piotrowski@polytechnique.edu)
MORPHODYNAMIQUE DU SIGNE II : RETOUR SUR QUELQUES CONCEPTS SAUSSURIENS (pp. 101-118)
Abstract: This article adopts a morphodynamical point of view in order to try and solve some problematic aspects of Saussurean thought. More specifically, the duality of the signifier, the concreteness in language and the concept of value are treated according to such a common perspective. We aim to show that a morphodynamical approach to the Saussurean sign, as developed in a previous study (MdS I), can better explain the dialectics between form and substance underlying these notions and can give their precise functional characteristics.
Keywords: duality; meaning; morphodynamic; sign; signifier; value.

Raffaele Simone and Edoardo Lombardi Vallauri (Roma Tre University; simone@uniroma3.it; lombardi@uniroma3.it)
NATURAL CONSTRAINTS ON LANGUAGE THE ERGONOMICS OF THE SOFTWARE (pp. 119-141)
Abstract: This article starts from the claims of Simone-Lombardi Vallauri (2011), and further develops them. The list of natural constraints imposed to language by the structure of the world, the human body and communication situations is completed by proposing constraints imposed by the need for representation of reality and events, the ergonomics of any system devoted to the functions of meaning and referring, the structure and potentialities of the brain itself, conceived (crucially) as a set of general-purpose abilities. Such constraints are grouped into a smaller number of macro-constraints and analyzed in some detail, so leading to general conclusions about the desirable targets of further research.
Keywords: Brain; Economy; Language; Natural Constraints; Pragmatic Explanations; Representation.

II - LAUREA AD HONOREM À TULLIO DE MAURO

Christian Puech, LAUREA AD HONOREM À TULLIO DE MAURO (pp. 145-152)

Tullio De Mauro,LAUREA AD HONOREM (pp. 153-155)

III - RÉSUMÉS DE THÈSES

Valentina Bisconti (Université Sorbonne Nouvelle Paris 3/Università del Salento; valentinabisconti@yahoo.it)
LE SENS EN PARTAGE: OUTILS LINGUISTIQUES ET APPROCHES THÉORIQUES DE LA SIGNIFICATION (FIN XIXe – XXe SIÈCLE) (pp. 159-170)
Abstract: The constant strain between dictionaries and theoretical approaches to meaning proves to be one of the major dynamics of the history and the historicity of linguistic ideas. Hence what matters is to bring out the permeability, the continuity and the possible breaking points between dictionaries as linguistic tools and the theoretical approaches that look into meaning. The period considered here provides an understanding of the various forms of this interaction in the medium term. First, this study shows how French monolingual lexicography of the end of the 19th century contributes to making meaning an object of study. As a matter of fact dictionaries prove to play a heuristic role because they reveal the theoretical problems raised by semantic description. From the empirical data collected in the dictionary, late 19th-century linguists seek to come to a synthesis of observations. A new reading of the debate surrounding the institutionalization of semantics then shows that lexicographers’ dilemmas are likely to end up in theoretical deadlocks. Nevertheless, the faults found in linguistic tools trigger off further reflection and suggest new hypotheses. Finally, this study aims to trace back the dissipation of the interaction between dictionaries and theoretical approaches to meaning during the 20th century, thanks to different research perspectives which take on dictionary as a theoretical model or as an experimental field.
Keywords: Meaning; Dictionary; Lexicography; Linguistic Tools; Semantics; History of Linguistic Ideas.

Pierre-Yves Testenoire (Université de Rouen; pytestenoire@yahoo.fr)
FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE A LA RECHERCHE DES ANAGRAMMES: LES CAHIERS HOMÉRIQUES (pp. 171-178)
Abstract: This thesis proposes a historic and epistemic study of Ferdinand de Saussure’s anagrammatic research. We start with manuscripts devoted to Homeric anagrams. This set of twenty-four books is unprecedented and reflects a state of research earlier than previously known by the study of Latin texts. We propose as prerequisite and support of our analyses the complete edition of this corpus. We proceed by the historiographical reconstruction of the research-progress, the dating of manuscripts and the clarification of the sources used. Then we examine the method and the theoretical issues of anagram notebooks. We discuss new aspects of anagrammatic research – reflections on oral poetry, writing or phonic identity – of which the recent enlargement of the documentation provides a better understanding. This journey in four stages – Edition, Historiography, Methodology and Theory of anagrams – is a contribution to the knowledge of Saussurean thought.
Keywords: Anagrams; History of Linguistics; Homer, Philology and Literary Theory; Poetics; Poetry.

IV - DOCUMENTS

Ferdinand de Saussure,LA THÉORIE DE LA VOYELLE ET DE LA SYLLABE (Conférences faites les 4, 5 et 6 août 1897 à l’Aula de l’Université de Genève) (pp. 181-191), Transcription et présentation par Daniele Gambarara (Università della Calabria; daniele.gambarara@gmail.com) 

Ferdinand de Saussure, WIRDAR POUR WIDAR (pp. 193-210), Texte édité et commenté par Letizia Vezzosi (Università degli Studi di Firenze; letizia.vezzosi@gmail.com) 

Emilie Brunet (Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3; emiliebrunet@free.fr), LES MANUSCRITS D’ÉMILE BENVENISTE HISTOIRE ET ÉCHANTILLON DE MATÉRIAUX INÉDITS A EXPLORER (pp. 211-228)

V - COMPTES RENDUS ET NOUVELLES DE COLLOQUES

« Bernard Colombat, Jean-Marie Fournier & Christian Puech, Histoire des idées sur le langage et les langues. Paris : Klincksieck (collection « 50 questions »), 2010, 277 p. ISBN 978-2-252-03599-3. 18€ », par Valentina Bisconti (pp. 231-237)

« Claudine Normand, Petite grammaire du quotidien, Paradoxe de la langue ordinaire, Paris : Hermann (collection « Psychanalyse », 2010, 234 p., ISBN 9782705670115 25 », par Claire-Antonella Forel (pp. 239-240)

Estanislao Sofía (pp. 241-243), PHILOLOGIE ET CRITIQUE GÉNÉTIQUE. ENJEUX THÉORIQUES DE L’ÉDITION DES MANUSCRITS DE SAUSSURE, UNIVERSITÉ DE LIÈGE, LIÈGE, 1ER AVRIL 2011

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CAHIERS FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE 63 (2010)

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Ce numéro sur JStor.org : https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/i40069705

 

I - POUR UNE ÉDITION NUMÉRIQUE DES TEXTES DE F. DE SAUSSURE

Daniele Gambarara
PRÉSENTATION (pp. 5-9)

Estanislao Sofía (Université de Liège; estanislao.sofia@gmail.com)
QU’EST-CE QU’UN BROUILLON EN SCIENCES DU LANGAGE? NOTES PRÉALABLES A UNE ÉDITION NUMÉRIQUE DES MANUSCRITS DE F. DE SAUSSURE (pp. 11-27)
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to undertake some key elements provided by the Genetic Criticism (fr. “Critique génétique”) about the treatment of modern manuscripts, and more specifically the object it defines as “rough draft” (fr. “brouillon”). After a brief introduction, we will discuss the difference between “modern” and “ancient” (or “medieval”) manuscripts (§ 3), the concept of “rough draft” as “semiotic object” (§ 4), the relevance of a genetic approach on Saussure’s unpublished notes (§ 5) and, finally, the different editing possibilities of the aforementioned manuscripts (§ 6).
Keywords: digital edition; (rough) draft; manuscript; Genetic Criticism.

Benedetta Zavatta (Università di Urbino Carlo Bo; benedetta.zavatta@uniurb.it )
CRITICAL EDITIONS AND HYPERTEXTS ON THE WEB: THE HYPERNIETZSCHE AND NIETZSCHE SOURCE PROJECTS (pp. 29-52)
Abstract: The HyperNietzsche and Nietzsche Source projects open the way to a new idea of a critical edition and offer a valuable example of how the web can make available powerful tools for genetic criticism. Over the last 10 year Paolo D’Iorio and his équipe have published online the whole of Friedrich Nietzsche’s Nachlass, along with what is at present the most up-to-date and reliable edition of his works and letters. As part of these projects, some examples of genetic paths have been created, which allow us to follow the author’s thinking step by step at every phase of a work’s development. Last but not least, there has been an experiment in the collaborative production of networks of knowledge relating to Nietzsche’s thought and work, thanks to the new technologies that have been made available by the semantic web.
Keywords: Friedrich Nietzsche, Hypertext, Digital Edition, Genetic Criticism, Semantic Web.

Giuseppe D’Ottavi (Università di Roma «La Sapienza»; giuseppe.dottavi@gmail.com)
LE SAVOIR INDIANISTE DE FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE. LES MANUSCRITS DE HARVARD HOUGHTON LIBRARY BMS FR 266 (6) (pp. 53-79)
Abstract: Among the saussurean manuscripts held at the Houghton Library of the University of Harvard (Cambridge, Massachusetts), the papers gathered in the folder 6 provide the actual major evidence of the body of knowledge of Ferdinand de Saussure about Indian history, literature and scholarship. As they show that his practise of Sanskrit was not restricted to the domain of Indo-European reconstruction, these papers unveil unforeseen traits of Saussure’s intellectual profile. Three main thematic unities can be there recognized: drafts of correspondence about Indian mythology linked to the works of the French poet Leconte de Lisle, passages of a text intended for some public conferences about ancient India and the working notes about Paul Oltramare’s Histoire des idées théosophiques dans l’Inde (1906) that will lead to a review published in the Journal de Genève. A presentation of this material (resting upon the only published excerpts), its relationship with other saussurean documents and its reliance on contemporary Indology are the subject of the following essay.
Keywords: Indology, Sanskrit, Leconte de Lisle, Paul Oltramare.

Luca Pesini (Università degli Studi di Firenze; luca_pesini@yahoo.it)
FRAGMENTS INÉDITS DE LA COLLABORATION SAUSSURE-BALLY (BGE MS. FR. 5134) (pp. 81-94)
Abstract: In this article we analyse previously unpublished notes by Ferdinand de Saussure and Charles Bally contained in the Ms. fr. 5134 of the BGE. Many pieces of correspondence are undated autograph notes concerning problems of comparative linguistics and etymology: in the answer to Bally published in this paper, Saussure criticises the traditional etymological method explaining the majority of the words as old indo-european compounds.
Keywords: Saussure, Bally, etymology, sanskrit

Pierre-Yves Testenoire (ERIAC/Université de Rouen; pytestenoire@yahoo.fr)
DEUX PIÈGES DE LA RÉCEPTION DES ANAGRAMMES CHRONOLOGIE ET ÉDITIONS DES CAHIERS (pp. 95-112)
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to analyse the philological treatment of Ferdinand de Saussure’s writings relating to anagrams since their discovery fifty years ago. We propose a retrospective view on two different aspects of the reception of these texts: their dating and their edition. We re-examine the question of the chronological coincidence between the research on the anagrams, the work on Germanic legends and the course in general linguistics. We also endeavor to lay open the characteristics and the tacit knowledge of the existing editions of Saussure’s anagram notebooks. Our aim is to show in which way the dating and editing of the texts on anagrams affects and directs their reception.
Keywords: Ferdinand de Saussure, anagrams, Germanic legends, reception, philology.

II - ARTICLES

Anamaria Curea (Université Babeș-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca; anamariacurea@yahoo.fr)
Y A-T-IL UNE LINGUISTIQUE DE L’EXPRESSION CHEZ CHARLES BALLY ET CHARLES-ALBERT SECHEHAYE? (pp. 115-133)
Abstract: The aim of the present article is to shed some light on the meaning of the label a linguistics of the expression, attributed to the publishers of “Course in General Linguistics”, i.e. Charles Bally et Charles-Albert Sechehaye. Are we dealing with concurring perspectives resulting in a unique theoretical model? Is it possible to identify certain axes within the expression issue which would legitimize their belonging to the same line of thought? Can we identify in their work a “minimum” which is not immediately of the saussurean kind? A relative theoretical consistency regarding the expression category allows us to acknowledge the existence of a common effort to create a program designed to remind that the language and the subject are inseparable.
Key words: linguistics of the expression, Charles Bally, Charles-Albert Sechehaye, Geneva School of Linguistics.

Rossana De Angelis (Università della Calabria/Université de la Sorbonne Nouvelle Paris 3; rossana.deangelis@gmail.com)
L’ÉCOLE SÉMIOLOGIQUE DE GENÈVE VUE À TRAVERS DES OUTILS LINGUISTIQUES CONTEMPORAINS (pp. 135-143)
Abstract: While a specific semiotic terminology increases by the publication of vocabularies, dictionaries and encyclopaedias, we can distinguish a semiological trend among different fields of research. So we can read of a saussurean « Geneva school of Semiotics ». Analyzing the definitions of certain terms of these linguistic objects, we can define how its identity was coming out. We can also observe its relationships with linguistics and understand the place of its protagonists, i.e. Luis J. Prieto and E. Buyssens, among different semiotic schools.
Keywords: Semiology, Geneva School of Semiotics (Ecole sémiologique de Genève), Luis J. Prieto, Eric Buyssens.

John E. Joseph (University of Edinburgh; john.joseph@ed.ac.uk)
«LA TEINTE DE TOUS LES CIELS» DIVERGENCE ET NUANCE DANS LA CONCEPTION SAUSSURIENNE DU CHANGEMENT LINGUISTIQUE (pp. 145-158)
Abstract: Saussure’s Mémoire describes the split of the primordial vowel into a1 (= e) and a2 (= o) as taking on a « hue » which initially did not affect word meaning. In notes dated Dec. 1884, he applies the term divergence to this type of development which does not yet constitute a linguistic change, because, not being meaningful, it is not part of the language system. He will give a comparable example, though at the semantic level, in his lecture of 10 Dec. 1908, when he traces the development of Greek katabainō oreos « I come down from the mountain ». The element kata « descending » was at first only « something which nuances », but which subsequently became meaningful. This analysis may have been prompted by Louis Havet’s review of the Mélanges Saussure (1908), in which Havet claimed an almost absolute break between phonology and grammar, and between synchrony and diachrony, that Saussure did not accept.
Keywords: diachronie, divergence, nuance, phonologie, grammaire, conscience linguistique, fait social, variation.

Valéry Kouznetsov (Université linguistique de Moscou; vgk. avamo@mail.ru)
LA LINGUISTIQUE SAUSSURIENNE ET GENEVOISE EN RUSSIE (pp. 159-173)
Abstract: The author reviews the studies made in Russia during the last two decades of the concepts of F. de Saussure and his Genevese successors – Ch. Bally, A. Sechehaye, S. Karcevsky, H. Frei, R. Godel, R. Engler, R. Amacker et al. Special attention is given to the impact of their scientific thought on the development of many branches of modern linguistics. It is stressed out that the rich heritage of the Geneva school of linguistics remains actual and may stimulate new fruitful researches.
Keywords: Geneva school of linguistics, language sign, system, actualization, discourse, functionalism.

Claudine Normand (Université de Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense)
SAUSSURE-BENVENISTE: LES AVENTURES D’UN HÉRITAGE (pp. 175-184)
Abstract: Benveniste is often seen as one of Saussure’s followers, but his work in the making of a linguistic school and in linguistics, goes way beyond. On the one hand, Benveniste asserted the position of Saussure, especially of Saussure’s work in indo-european linguistics, as the founding father of French structuralism of the 60’s, even if the theoretical positions of Saussure are at times quite different from those found in structuralist orthodoxy. On the other hand, Benveniste linguistic theory interprets, transforms, completes Saussurean radical concepts into a more functional and less abstract frame of description. Perhaps linguistic today needs both Saussure’s and Benveniste’s approaches.
Keywords: E. Benveniste, Function, History of Linguistics, Linguistic System, Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, Structuralism.

David Piotrowski (CREA CNRS; david.piotrowski@polytechnique.edu)
MORPHODYNAMIQUE DU SIGNE. I - L’ARCHITECTURE FONCTIONNELLE (pp. 185-203)
Abstract: In this article we present a morphodynamical approach of Saussure’s sign theory. First, we discuss the main relational notions of the structural framework, such as difference, opposition, limitation, neighborhood and the controversial junction between the contentual and expressive sides of the sign, in order to clarify establish their topological and dynamical nature. Secondly, we introduce a sketchy functional architecture of the saussurian sign, which will naturally be determined in terms of a morphodynamical structure.
Keywords: Difference, Limitation, Morphodynamic, Opposition, Sign.

Raffaele Simone and Edoardo Lombardi Vallauri (Roma Tre University; simone@uniroma3.it;  lombardi@uniroma3.it )
NATURAL CONSTRAINTS ON LANGUAGE. NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES (pp. 205-224)
Abstract: The article deals, from the point of view of linguistics, with the issue of why human language is made as it is. It gives methodological and epistemological reasons in favor of the hypothesis that language is a transactional device mainly conditioned by pragmatic needs, discarding the hypothesis that language is a computational system mainly conditioned by abstract rules, along with the associated view of the language faculty as an innate, specific (i.e. grammatical) device of the brain. The authors claim that language is the result of the interaction of a highly complex set of ‘natural’ constraints whose very origins are (i) in the structure of the world, (ii) the human body, (iii) in communication situations, (iv) in the need for representation of reality and events, (v) in the ergonomics of any system devoted to the functions of meaning and referring, (vi) in the structure and potentialities of the brain itself, conceived (crucially) as a set of general-purpose abilities. Constraints (i-iii) are analyzed in some detail, while (iv-vi) will be the topic of a subsequent article.
Keywords: Brain, Language, Language Design Features, Linguistic Materialism, Pragmatic Foundations of Language.

III - DOCUMENTS

Daniele Gambarara (Università della Calabria; daniele.gambarara@gmail.com)
LES PAPIERS RUDOLF ENGLER À LA BGE (p. 227)

François Vincent (Université Paris-Est Créteil; fvincent66@gmail.com)
LE PREMIER COURS DE LINGUISTIQUE GÉNÉRALE. LES NOTES DES ÉTUDIANTS DANS L’ÉDITION ET LE FONDS ENGLER (pp. 229-337)

IV - COMPTES RENDUS, NOUVELLES DE COLLOQUES

« Vocabulaire des études sémiotiques et sémiologiques, sous la direction de Driss Ablali et Dominique Ducard, Collection Lexica. Mots et Dictionnaires, dirigée par Bernard Quemada et Jean Pruvost, Paris, Honoré Champion, 2009. », par Rossana De Angelis (pp. 241-244)

« V. G. Kuzneçov, Naučnoe nasledie Ženevskoj lingvističeskoj školy. [L’héritage scientifique de l’École linguistique de Genève] – Moskva, Znak, 2010, 366 p. », par Ekaterina Velmezova (pp. 245-250)

« Claudia Mejia Quijano, Le Cours d’une vie. Portrait diachronique de Ferdinand de Saussure, tome 1, collection « psyché », éditions Cécile Defaut, Nantes, 2008. », par Gabriel Bergounioux (pp. 251-255)

Michel Arrivé, PETITE PERPLEXITÉ SUR LE TEMPS SAUSSURIEN (pp. 257-259)

Isabel Vilela, SAUSSURE ET LA PSYCHANALYSE (Colloque Cerisy, 2-12 août 2010) (pp. 261-267)

Davide Bruzzese, HOMMAGE À M. JEAN STAROBINSKI À L’OCCASION DE SON 90^eANNIVERSAIRE (pp. 269-273)

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CAHIERS FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE 62 (2009)

Notice de l'Éditeur
Ce numéro sur JStor.org : https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/i40069704 

 

I - LA LINGUISTIQUE INDO-EUROPÉENNE, BERCEAU DE LA LINGUISTIQUE GÉNÉRALE

Marie-José Béguelin (Université de Neuchâtel; marie-jose.beguelin@unine.ch)
LANGUE RECONSTRUITE ET LANGUE TOUT COURT (pp. 9-32)
Abstract: In his 1879 Mémoire, Ferdinand de Saussure made a major contribution, often misunderstood and underestimated, to comparative grammar of Indo-European languages. This paper explains the real novelty of the Mémoire and demonstrates the influence that the comparative method exerts on the elaboration of concepts that later made Saussure’s fame (e.g., objective/subjective analysis, differential analysis, static fact...). The means by which Saussure utilized the comparative method led to an epistemological revolution, which consists in (i) emphasizing the speech community’s viewpoint to the detriment of the linguist’s, (ii) installing, in the heart of the language function, the comparison and reconstruction approach.
Keywords: Abstraction, Analogy, Comparative Method, Sonantical Coefficients, Subjective vs. Objective Analysis

Gabriel Bergounioux (Université d’Orléans; gabriel.bergounioux@univ-orleans.fr)
L’ENJEU DE L’APOPHONIE DANS LE MÉMOIRE SOIXANTE ANNÉES D’ÉTUDES INDO-EUROPÉENNES (pp. 33-46)
Abstract: We reexamine the Bopp-Grimm controversy about the roots and the status of apophony in proto-indo-european, and the debate that followed which was solved in the morpho-phonological conclusion at the end of Saussure’s Mémoire.
Keywords: Apophony, F. Bopp, J. Grimm, Proto-Indo-European, Vocalism.

Maria Pia Marchese (Università degli Studi di Firenze; maria.marchese@unifi.it)
LES MANUSCRITS SAUSSURIENS SUR LA PHONÉTIQUE, DU MÉMOIRE AU CLG (pp. 47-61)
Abstract: According to Saussure’s terminology, with the term ‘phonetics’ one means not only the study of sound articulation (which he defines as Lautphysiologie or Sprachphysiologie), but also the diachronic study of sounds. The phonetic investigations that Saussure carried out from his Mémoire to the courses in general linguistics show that, while dealing with central themes within the field of historical and comparative linguistics, he is already formulating some theoretical considerations that we find later in the CLG.
Keywords: Manuscripts, Phoneme, Phonetics, Sonant, Syllable.

Daniel Petit (École Normale Supérieure de Paris; daniel.petit@ens.fr)
ACCENT ET INTONATION: LE MODÈLE LITUANIEN CHEZ FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE (pp. 63-89)
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to discuss the views of Ferdinand de Saussure on the Lithuanian accent and intonation system. It can be shown that these views were developed by De Saussure as a reaction to the previous models of Schleicher, Kurschat and Baranowski. But, for various reasons, De Saussure’s approach is to be considered as a major break in the linguistic tradition. It established a new framework for the investigation of Lithuanian accents.
Keywords: Accent, Intonation, Lithuanian, Stress.

Claude Sandoz (Universités de Lausanne et de Neuchâtel; claude.sandoz@unine.ch)
‘SYSTÈME’ ET ‘VALEUR’: DU MÉMOIRE DE SAUSSURE AUX NOMS D’AGENT DE BENVENISTE (pp. 91-100)
Abstract: Saussure as a theoretical linguist defines the notion of system by a set of features, which is shown in various statements of the Cours de linguistique générale and the Ecrits de linguistique générale. In these sources the system is notably characterized by its components, their organization, their mutual relations, their number, and above all their differential and oppositive nature. It is from their oppositions that the linguistic units have got their value. In Saussure’s comparative studies the notions of system and value are already of some importance, even if they do not receive an explicit definition yet. The inclination for a systemic approach occurs since the early works. The Mémoire gives evidence of it in its own title and in the way of its demonstration. In chapter II, for example, the reconstruction of the European vocalism is based on the e/o alternation process in the southern languages and on the ambivalence of a (either term of the e/a opposition or non-alternating vowel) in the northern languages. So the units are considered in respect of their relations and as elements of a system. The same point of view recurs when analyzing terms of the morphological level is concerned. Thus in a paper dated 1884, namely « Une loi rythmique de la langue grecque », the author uses the phrase « system of forms» for referring to a regular paradigm. Finally, Saussure’s interest in structures emerges even from his lexical studies. This can be illustrated by his contribution to the Mélanges Nicole (1905), devoted to the Greek compounds ὠμήλυσιςand Τριπτόλεμοςthe etymology of which is supported by a whole set of related forms. Saussure’s student in Paris, Meillet convinced himself of the systematic nature of languages and the relative value of their grammatical categories. His disciple Benveniste sheds even more light on the consistency of the linguistic data as relational and oppositive units. This intellectual reasoning characterizes above all two major works: in the Origines de la formation des noms en indo-européen (1935) a wide-ranging morphological system is described and interpreted; in the Noms d’agent et noms d’action en indo-européen (1948) four complementary classes of derivatives are defined and two by two opposed.
Keywords: Alternation, E. Benveniste, Consistency, Opposition, Relation, System, Value

II - ARTICLES

Michel Arrivé (Université de Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense)
LA RIME DANS L’ENSEIGNEMENT DE FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE (pp. 103-115)
Abstract: Saussure’s opinions on rhymes are read and commented with cross-references to his Course in General Linguistics, his course on French versification (most of which is still unpublished) and his studies on anagrams. It can be established that : (1) Saussure uses rhymes and assonances to highlight some unexplained points in the history of French pronunciation. (2) On the other hand, he does not refer to the history of French to explain unusual rhymes found in the 16th-19th century French poetry. (3) He somewhat despises what he calls «rimerie», a depreciative noun to refer to French versification. (4) He does not hesitate to make an extensive use of the notion of rhyme to refer to the homophony phenomena used in anagrams.
Keywords: Anagram, Assonance, History of French, Rhyme, Versification.

Duilio D’Alfonso (Università degli Studi di Palermo; duilio.dalfonso@tin.it)
THE DYNAMIC TURN: ON SYNTAX BETWEEN LANGUE AND PAROLE (pp. 117-132)
Abstract: In this article I present the conception of syntax emerging from the “dynamic approach” to syntax and semantics, developed in the last few decades, moving from the critic to the static theories of language, either those developed in the Chomskian framework or those based on Montague’s grammars. I will suggest that this view can be fruitfully compared with Saussure’s position on syntax, provided that one interprets the “Saussurean vagueness” on the collocation of syntax in the rational divisions of linguistics, that is between langue and parole and between Paradigm and Syntagm, as a precise theoretical consequence of his conception of language.
Keywords: Discourse, Dynamic Turn, Syntax/Semantics Interface.

Gilbert Lazard (École Normale Supérieure de Paris)
FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE ET LA TYPOLOGIE (pp. 133-152)
Abstract: The epistemologist G. G. Granger has shown that the Saussurean approach is in full agreement with the requisites for the foundation of any science. This is why it provides a firm theoretical basis not only for describing languages, but also for typological linguistics, as Hjelmslev and Benveniste, two well known Saussurean scholars, did understand. Today, under the influence of the American linguist Greenberg, typological research is active and productive, but it lacks clear theoretical principles. Saussure’s conception of language could supply it with the necessary foundation.
Keywords: G. G. Granger, Science, Typology, Linguistics

Fabienne Reboul (Université de Genève; fabienne.reboul@unige.ch)
INFLUENCES POSITIVISTES SUR FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE (I): L’ORIGINE DU LANGAGE ET LA LANGUE ARTIFICIELLE (pp. 153-168)
Abstract: Saussure spent ten years in Parisian circles profoundly influenced by Comte’s theories. Two subjects, the origin of language and artificial languages, were banned from the fields of legitimate scientific objects on positivist considerations. Saussure too left them aside, arguing that, though language functions as a social contract, nevertheless this contract was not made at a given moment in time, therefore there is no origin of language as such, but an evolution from one semiological system to another; this constitutes the main difference between natural and artificial languages: the second category is originated at a given time. The positivist influence seems obvious, though the argumentation is personal.
Keywords: Artificial languages, Origin of language, Positivism, Timeless contract.

Alice Toma (Universités de Bucarest et de Genève; alice.toma@litere.ro/ toma1@etu.unige.ch)
L’ARCHITECTURE TEXTUELLE RELATIONNELLE: LE CAS DE LA GÉNÉRALISATION ET DE LA PARTICULARISATION (pp. 169-180)
Abstract: Even today, the scientific text remains a form of communication little explored by linguists. Nevertheless, one of the subjects preferred in „discourse analysis” is the study of the semantic relations as a type of textual cohesion. These relations live mainly by their marks, the connectors. According to the linguistic model proposed by Emilio Manzotti, we try to characterize, in this article, the accumulation of logical-semantic relations in the scientific text, with a focus on generalization and particularization. We will also discuss the connections between mathematical scientific concepts, implied by these relations.
Keywords: Connector, Discourse analysis, Logical-semantic relation, Mark relation, Scientific text, Textual linguistics.

III - RÉSUMÉS DE THÈSES

Anamaria Neag Curea (Université Babeş-Bolyai de Cluj-Napoca; anamariacurea@yahoo.fr)
EXPRESSION ET EXPRESSIVITÉ ÉLÉMENTS POUR UNE PROBLÉMATIQUE LINGUISTIQUE: L’ÉCOLE DE GENÈVE (1900-1940) (pp. 183-190)
Abstract: The dissertation “Expression and Expressivity. A Discussion of Some Debatable Linguistic Issues: The School of Geneva (1900-1940)” is the result of a research in the history of linguistic ideas. The study of several theories developed during the first half of the 20th century by three representatives of the Genevese linguistics (Charles Bally, Charles-Albert Sechehaye and Henri Frei) has led us to formulate and put to the test the general assumption of our thesis. We have tried to capture the systematic way in which these three accounts deal with the expression issue, by pointing out the differences and similarities in each approach. The converging and diverging aspects from which we draw our conclusions allow us to establish the way a thought dynamics emerges within a linguistic school. Tackling such an issue points out the strategies used by these linguists to revisit some Saussurean theoretical concepts (synchrony, the linguistics of la parole, the arbitrariness of the sign, and the linguistic value). The question of the expression for these linguists is of great importance. The reason is that, although they claim to follow the Saussurean line of thought to a large extent, they seem to depart from Saussure’s main principles by favouring beliefs which are a priori in disagreement with Saussure’s perspective on language: dealing with affectivity or subjectivity, addressing the matter of ‘psychology’ to a great extent, highlighting the role of the speaker.
Key words: Conceptuality, Expression, Expressivity, History of ideas, Linguistic school.

Giuseppe D’Ottavi (Università di Roma «La Sapienza»; giuseppe.dottavi@gmail.com)
FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE ET L’INDE: CONTACTS ET CONSONANCES THÉORIQUES (pp. 191-202)
Abstract: The main purpose of this PhD dissertation is to explore a scarcely investigated side of Saussure’s intellectual profile. His long practice of Sanskrit is here taken as evidence of a wider indological competence. Observations on the affinities between theories from the ancient Indian grammatical and linguistic traditions and Saussure’s are also put forward, focusing on the notions of sphoṭa and signe, and apoha. We choose to present the Indian speculations on language with the help of a Saussurean theoretical and terminological apparatus. A documentary survey, sketching the place of Indian theories in Saussure’s intellectual topography and monitoring the ways of their western reception, does not allow to infer Indian interferences upon the genesis and the development of Saussurean thought.
Keywords: Indology, Sanskrit, Apoha, Sphoṭa.

Estanislao Sofia (Université de Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense; estanislao.sofia@gmail.com)
LE PROBLÈME DE LA DÉFINITION DES ENTITÉS LINGUISTIQUES CHEZ FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE (pp. 203-214)
Abstract: This dissertation has three parts. The first one, devoted to the Saussurean concept of “system”, aims at showing that there are variations in Saussure’s development, and that is possible to identify at least two different configurations: one appointed by Saussure “system of oppositions”; the other called “grammatical system”. The second part, devoted to the concept of “value”, tries to show that it is also possible to find, in Saussure’s manuscripts and texts, at least two different concepts: one of them would be consistent with purely negative and differential criteria; the other, more complex, would involve elements which cannot be reduced to ‘pure differential’ criteria. Our hypothesis is to state that these patterns were developed by Saussure with respect to different issues, including, therefore, elements definable in different ways; roughly (and anachronistically): “phonemes” and “signs”.
Keywords: Association, Entity (linguistic), Opposition, Phoneme, Sign, System, Value.

IV - SUR SAUSSURE À GENÈVE EN 1891 ET AUTRES DOCUMENTS

Fabienne Reboul (Université de Genève; fabienne.reboul@unige.ch)
LA NOMINATION DE SAUSSURE À GENÈVE: UNE SIMPLE FORMALITÉ? (pp. 271-256)

Alessandro Chidichimo (Università della Calabria; alessandrochidichimo@gmail.com)
LES PREMIÈRES LEÇONS DE SAUSSURE À GENÈVE, 1891: TEXTES, TÉMOINS, MANUSCRITS (pp. 257-276)

Albert Charles Sechehaye
PHONÉTIQUE DU GREC ET LATIN COURS DE Mr FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE UNIVERSITÉ DE GENÈVE 1891-1892 (pp. 279-288), présentation et transcription par Alessandro Chidichimo (Università della Calabria; alessandrochidichimo@gmail.com) 

Daniele Gambarara (Università della Calabria; daniele.gambarara@gmail.com)
DU PRINTEMPS A L’AUTOMNE 1891: RECLASSER QUELQUES FRAGMENTS DE F. DE SAUSSURE (MS. FR. 3951/1-3, ADS 383/13) (pp. 289-304)

Alessandro Chidichimo (Università della Calabria; alessandrochidichimo@gmail.com)
SAUSSURE DANS LE JOURNAL DE GENÈVE (1857-1913) (pp. 305-312)

Charles Bally
VOCABULAIRE GRAMMAIRE LITTÉRATURE (pp. 313-318), Présentation et transcription par Claire-Antonella Forel (Université de Genève; claire.forel@unige.ch) 

V - COMPTES RENDUS

« Charles Bally, La crise du français: notre langue maternelle à l’école. Ed. préparée par Jean-Paul Bronckart, Jean-Louis Chiss et Christian Puech. Genève- Paris: Librairie Droz (Langue et cultures, 34), 2004, 120 p. », par Claire-Antonella Forel (pp. 321-323)

« Claire Forel, La linguistique sociologique de Charles Bally: études des inédits. Préface de René Amacker. Genève: Droz (Publications du Cercle Ferdinand de Saussure, 6), 2008, 768 p. », par Christian Puech (pp. 325-330)

« Gilbert Lazard, La quête des invariants interlangues. La linguistique est-elle une science ? Paris: Honoré Champion (Bibliothèque de Grammaire et de Linguistique, 23), 2006, 338 p. », par Raffaele Simone (pp. 331-335)

Claire-Antonella Forel, Chronique du Cercle pour les années 2006-2009 (pp. 337-339)

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CAHIERS FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE 61 (2008)

Notice de l'Éditeur
Ce numéro sur JStor.org : https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/i27758765

 

I - ARTICLES

Curzio Chiesa (Université de Genève)
SAUSSURE, ARISTOTE ET L’ONYMIQUE (pp. 5-21)
Abstract: According to Saussure, language is traditionally considered as a “nomenclature”, that is a list of names or labels which designate external objects. The Aristotelian theory of language falls under this description because for Aristotle words express a thought which is determined by reality, independently of language. Now, the fundamental thesis of the revolution brought by Saussure is that language and thought are interdependent insofar as they constituted an articulate system of entities both significant and signified. But, and that’s the point of the paper, this new theory of language as a structures of signs does not imply the negation of the name relation according to which a name may also, in certain circumstances, refer to an object in the world.
Keywords: Aristotle, Names, Reference, Signs.

Sung-Do Kim (Korea University; dodo@korea.ac.kr)
LA RAISON GRAPHIQUE DE SAUSSURE (pp. 23-42)
Abstract: In this paper I propose to highlight some different dimensions of the graphical expression of Saussure’s writings. Observing that, in order to enlighten his linguistic theory, the Master of Geneva massively resorted to images, diagrams, and metaphors, one realizes that Saussurean discursivity embodies hypoiconicity in the sense of Peirce. From this perspective two elements of Saussurean graphism are brought forward through an analytical evaluation. First, three principles – balance, rhythm, accent – are pointed out, in terms of the typology of his diagrams. Secondly, I gave a sketch of a morphological structure using some basic geometric components, point, line, curve, movement, volume, etc. In conclusion I posed a broader question which pertains to modern linguistics: why has geometry been ahead of algebra? A hypothesis is suggested: this Saussurean geometry concerns the emergence of abstraction and what is homogeneous.
Keywords: Charles S. Peirce, Michel Serres, diagram, icon, image, geometry, graphics.

Pierre-Yves Testenoire (Université de Rouen; pytestenoire@yahoo.fr)
SAUSSURE MÉTRICIEN: LES DIÉRÈSES HOMÉRIQUES (pp. 43-59)
Abstract: In 1889, at the Linguistics Society of Paris, Saussure read a paper on some points of Homeric versification. The preliminary manuscripts of that paper were rediscovered, classified and analysed. The present article highlights this forgotten work about Homeric metrics. The results Saussure got which show a connection between two metrical diereses in Homeric poems will be discussed and verified, thanks mainly to scanning software. A particular emphasis will be placed both on Saussure’s methodology and presuppositions. We will thus determine how similar the 1889 metric approach and the one that came out in 1906 – based on the anagrams corpus that led to anagrams research – are.
Keywords: Homer, anagram, metrics, statistics.

Anne-Gaëlle Toutain (Université de Paris 3; annegaelletoutain@yahoo.fr )
LA LANGUE: DU CONCEPT SAUSSURIEN À L’OBJET HJELMSLEVIEN. UNE TENTATIVE DE FORMULATION DE LA SPÉCIFICITÉ ET DES ENJEUX DU POINT DE VUE SAUSSURIEN (pp. 61-74)
Abstract: In this article we analyze the Hjelmslevian reelaboration of two Saussurean distinctions which are at the foundation of the concept of langue: signifiant/signifie and langue/parole. We try to show that there is no continuity between the two Hjelmslevian and Saussurean theories, and that they are, on the contrary, the result of two radically different problematics. Saussure aims at accounting for a class of objects, the languages, and so elaborates a concept defining this class, the concept of langue. Whereas Hjelmslev tries to elaborate a method to analyze speech data, and so postulates the existence of a formal object explicative of speech data, namely the langue conceived as a virtual system. This means that to the Saussurean object (the langue) which is an object to be defined, and to which corresponds a concept, are substituted, in Hjelmslev’s work, objects to be analyzed, to which corresponds an aimed object which is the crystallization of a method. Thus, we have, in this article, a double aim. First we try to clarify a specific point of linguistic history and epistemology concerning the relation between the two theories we analyze. Second we try to bring to light, as an indirect consequence, the specificity and the potential of the Saussurian concept of langue, and therefore its relevancy for today.
Keywords: epistemology, reelaboration, discontinuity, problematics, theorization.

II - SYSTÈME ET COGNITION. QUATERNIONS ET PARALLÉLIE DANS « DE L’ESSENCE DOUBLE DU LANGAGE »

Daniele Gambarara (Università della Calabria; daniele.gambarara@gmail.com)
PRÉSENTATION (pp. 77-86)
Abstract: In the text “On the Double Essence of Language” (1891), found in 1996 Saussure’s manuscripts, two words occur, previously not known: quaternion and parallélie. The first is a mathematical term, the second a technical neologism. Perhaps between them there is a connection; certainly together they characterise a specific phase of the linguistic thought of Saussure, at least fifteen years before the courses on general linguistics of 1907-1911. Here, this text is at the same time object of a philological analysis, and of a theoretical enquiry. In this way, we can give a partial new edition in the Appendix, and new perspectives of interpretation in the articles. At the heart there are the mathematical side of Saussure’s reflexion and different notions of recursivity, morphological models and actual linguistic performance. So, the young Saussure addresses a question that occupies today’s linguistics and cognitive science, on the relation between a linguistic system and the cognitive capacities of speakers, between their mind and their linguistic consciousness
Keywords: Cognition, Mathematics, Mind, Morphology, Parallélie, quaternion, system.

Tommaso Russo Cardona †
NÉGATIVITÉ, RÉCURSIVITÉ ET INCALCULABILITÉ: LES QUATERNIONS DANS « DE L’ESSENCE DOUBLE DU LANGAGE (pp. 87-99)

Emanuele Fadda (Università della Calabria; lelefadda@gmail.com)
LA MORPHOLOGIE DANS LA TÊTE: ‘PARALLÉLIE’ DANS « DE L’ESSENCE DOUBLE DU LANGAGE » (pp. 101-112)

Alessandro Chidichimo et Daniele Gambarara (Università della Calabria; alessandrochidichimo@gmail.com, daniele.gambarara@gmail.com)
APPENDICE : F. DE SAUSSURE, TROIS CHAPITRES DE ‘L’ESSENCE DOUBLE DU LANGAGE’ (pp. 113-129)

III - DOCUMENTS

Daniel Petit et Claudia Mejia Quijano (Ecole Normale Supérieure - Paris, Universidad de Antioquia; daniel.petit@ens.fr, clmejia@idiomas.udea.edu.co)
DU NOUVEAU A PROPOS DU VOYAGE DE F. DE SAUSSURE EN LITUANIE (pp. 133-157)

Ferdinand de Saussure
DEUX FRAGMENTS METHODOLOGIQUES A PROPOS DE L’INTONATION LITUANIENNE (textes édités par Rene Amacker) (pp. 159-173)

Claudia Mejia Quijano et Natalia Restrepo Montoya (Universidad de Antioquia; clmejia@idiomas.udea.edu.co, namaremo@idiomas.udea.edu.co)
FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE, TRADUCTEUR (pp. 175-198)

Eschyle
AGAMEMNON (pp. 199-239), traduction de Ferdinand de Saussure ; transcription par Natalia Restrepo Montoya et Claudia Mejía Quijano (Universidad de Antioquia; namaremo@idiomas.udea.edu.co, clmejia@idiomas.udea.edu.co) 

Pierre-Yves Testenoire (Université de Rouen; pytestenoire@yahoo.fr)
UNE ÉTAPE INÉDITE DE LA RÉFLEXION ANAGRAMMATIQUE: LE BROUILLON D’UNE LETTRE DE FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE À CHARLES BALLY DATE DU 30 JUILLET 1906 (pp. 239-250)

John E. Joseph (University of Edinburgh; john.joseph@ed.ac.uk)
THE ATTACK ON SAUSSURE IN LE GENEVOIS, DECEMBER 1912 (pp. 251-281)

IV - BIBLIOGRAPHIES SAUSSURIENNES

Daniele Gambarara (Università della Calabria; daniele.gambarara@gmail.com)
BIBLIOGRAPHIES SAUSSURIENNES, ET SUR LES PUBLICATIONS DE F. DE SAUSSURE (pp. 285-299)

Daniele Gambarara (Università della Calabria; daniele.gambarara@gmail.com)
LA COMMUNICATION SUR L’ACCENTUATION LITUANIENNE (1894), ET LA DATE DE L’ARTICLE « ALAMANS » (1911) (pp. 301-306)

V - COMPTES RENDUS

« Michel Arrive. A la recherche de Ferdinand de Saussure. Collection Formes sémiotiques dirigée par Anne Hénault, Paris, P.U.F., 2007 », par Claudia Mejía (pp. 309-312)

« H. Bat-Zeev Shyldkrot, N. Le Querler (éds), Les périphrases verbales. – Amsterdam/Philadelphia, John Benjamins (“Linguisticæ Investigationes: supplementa”, vol. 25), 2005, 522 pp. », par Olga Inkova (pp. 313-315)

« Emanuele Fadda, Lingua e mente sociale. Per una teoria delle istituzioni linguistiche a partire da Saussure e Mead, Bonanno, Acireale-Roma 2006, 254 pp.”, par Cosimo Caputo (pp. 317-323)

 

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